Part 1

Panic disorder is a fear one experience as a sudden outburst of fear or a kind of discomfort that may arise suddenly and then elevates up within a few minutes.

Joe faces this panic disorder upon the taking off from the Miami airport and one of the symptoms portrayed is that he had a difficulty in breathing whereby it is a clear indication of shortness of breath. Upon arrival at their home Joe is seen to have also an unconscious desire to commit suicide as his difficulty in breathing also increases and he tries to stay away from the window to avoid his dread of dying a primary symptom of panic disorder. He faces agoraphobia, which is the pronounced, and disproportionate fear of the plane travel where he experiences also anxiety attacks which makes him have a fear of going outside. The panic disorder in Joe after embarking from the plane had gone up as now and appeared frightened and confused and now he could not breathe and his chest ached whenever he tried to breathe and her wife Florence mistakes it for a heart attack

Joe is facing anxiety attacks as the doctor told him and seeks the help of the family care physician. The physician first examines Joe for any cardiac attacks and rules it out and comes up to a conclusion that Joe is suffering from panic disorder, and is referred to psychologist Dr. Geller. Upon narrating his ordeal, the psychologist employs cognitive and behavioral techniques which at changing Joes faulty interpretations of sympathetic arousal. Joe was trained in relaxation and how to breathe in a relaxing mood and changing his cognitive misinterpretations of panic situations. He was also told how to have a repeated exposure to sensations of panic under controlled conditions not forgetting repeated practice on situations that Joe was apprehensive about and this was done repeatedly and to Joe it helped him treat his panic disorder as later he could not panic when near or travelling in a plane. He now felt that he had regained control over his body and mind.

Psych 215-1: Paper Part 2 Example

Source # 1:

Le Grange, D., Lock, J., Agras, W. S., Bryson, S. W., & Jo, B. (2015). Randomized clinical trial of family-based treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent bulimia nervosa. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(11), 886-894.

Objective: There is a paucity of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for adolescents withbulimia nervosa (BN). Prior studies suggest cognitive-behavioral therapy adapted for adolescents (CBT-A) and family-based treatment for adolescent bulimia nervosa (FBT-BN) could be effective for this patient population. The objective of this study was to compare the relative efficacy of these 2 specific therapies, FBT-BN and CBT-A. In addition, a smaller participant group was randomized to a nonspecific treatment(supportive psychotherapy [SPT]), whose data were to be used if there were no differences between FBT-BN and CBT-A at end of treatment. Method: This 2-site (Chicago and Stanford) randomized controlled trial included 130 participants (aged 12–18 years) meeting DSM-IV criteria for BN or partial BN (binge eating and purging once or more per week for 6 months). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, end oftreatment, and 6 and 12 months posttreatment. Treatments involved 18 outpatient sessions over 6 months. The primary outcome was defined as abstinence from binge eating and purging for 4 weeks before assessment, using the Eating Disorder Examination. Results: Participants in FBT-BN achieved higher abstinence rates than inCBT-A at end of treatment (39% versus 20%; p = .040, number needed to treat [NNT] = 5) and at 6-month follow-up (44% versus 25%; p = .030, NNT = 5). Abstinence rates between these 2 groups did not differ statistically at 12-month follow-up (49% versus 32%; p = .130, NNT = 6). Conclusion: In this study, FBT-BN was more effective in promoting abstinence from binge eating and purging than CBT-A in adolescent BN at end of treatment and 6-month follow-up. By 12-month follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatments. Abnormal Psychology Project Assignment

Source #2:

Katzman, M. A., Bara-Carril, N., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Schmidt, U., Troop, N., & Treasure, J. (2010). A randomized controlled two-stage trial in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, comparing CBT versus motivational enhancement in phase 1 followed by group versus individual CBT in phase 2. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(7), 656-663. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181ec5373

Objective: To conduct a randomized, controlled, two-stage trial in the treatment ofbulimia nervosa, comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) versus motivational enhancement in Phase 1 followed by group versus individual CBT in Phase 2. Methods: A total of 225 patients with bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) were recruited into a randomized controlled trial lasting 12 weeks with follow-ups at 1 year and 2.5 years. Results: Patients improved significantly across all of the interventions with no differences in outcome or treatment adherence. Including motivational enhancement therapy rather than a CBT first phase of treatmentdid not affect outcome. Conclusions: Outcome differences between individual and group CBT were minor, suggesting that group treatment prefaced by a short individual intervention may be a cost-effective alternative to purely individual treatment.

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Source #3:

Source #3: Poulsen, S., Lunn, S., Daniel, S. F., Folke, S., Mathiesen, B. B., Katznelson, H., & Fairburn, C. G. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa. The American Journal Of Psychiatry, 171(1), 109-116. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12121511

Objective: The authors compared psychoanalytic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in which 70 patients with bulimia nervosa received either 2 years of weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy or 20 sessions of CBT over 5 months. The main outcome measure was the Eating Disorder Examination interview, which was administered blind to treatment condition at baseline, after 5 months, and after 2 years. The primary outcome analyses were conducted using logistic regression analysis. Results: Both treatments resulted in improvement, but a marked difference was observed between CBT and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. After 5 months, 42% of patients in CBT (N = 36) and 6% of patients in psychoanalytic psychotherapy (N = 34) had stopped binge eating and purging (odds ratio = 13.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.45–73.42; p,0.01). At 2 years, 44% in the CBT group and 15% in the psychoanalytic psychotherapy group had stopped binge eating and purging (odds ratio = 4.34, 95% CI = 1.33–14.21; p = 0.02).

By the end of both treatments, substantial improvements in eating disorder features and general psychopathology were observed, but in general these changes took place more rapidly in CBT. Conclusions: Despite the marked disparity in the number of treatment sessions and the duration of treatment,CBT was more effective in relieving binging and purging than psychoanalytic psychotherapy and was generally faster in alleviating eating disorder features and general psychopathology. The findings indicate the need to develop and test a more structured and symptom-focused version of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Abnormal Psychology Project Assignment