Limited Access to Health Care

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 2  Applying Research Skills 

Healthcare directly contributes to human wellbeing by preventing and treating diseases. Although the importance of equal access to healthcare has been extensively discussed in the literature, many individuals around the world face accessibility issues. In this context, access is defined as the timely use of high-quality healthcare services to obtain the best possible health outcomes. Considering poor health may harm one’s quality of life and, in certain cases, can lead to mortality, efforts to eliminate barriers to health care access are important.

As a healthcare professional, I am accountable for contributing to the resolution of persistent healthcare issues that have an impact on society’s health.  One way of contributing to the improvement of healthcare is by applying evidence-based solutions. Factors that make access difficult vary by context and can not be remedied to a single solution. I have worked with vulnerable patients who needed help getting access to care. In certain circumstances, policy changes like the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have helped to alleviate the accessibility issue. Other variables such as transportation restrictions, patients’ age, extreme poverty, and lack of insurance continue to complicate the healthcare system. My encounters with people who are unable to obtain healthcare have captivated my interest in the subject. Therefore, I believe I have the responsibility to assist in the development of solutions. 

Peer-reviewed Article Section Process

Given the seriousness of the healthcare access problem, researchers have delved into it and have come up with ideas that may be used in a variety of situations. To identify some of the peer-reviewed articles on this topic, I utilized Capella University’s database search engine. Some of the keywords used were, “ healthcare access”, “healthcare access challenges”, “healthcare access barriers”, and “limited health care access”. The first search yielded more than thirty results but I narrowed down and filtered my search to peer-reviewed studies on healthcare access published between 2016 and 2021. Later, my final search resulted in six articles from which I selected my bibliography sources based on their relevance to my research topic. 

Criteria for Credibility and Relevance Assessment of Information Sources

Prior to deciding on the four sources I chose, I conducted a two-step credibility assessment. First, I made sure that all of the sources were peer-reviewed and published within three to five years. Second, I examined the author’s academic and professional qualifications, as shown by education titles, to verify that the authors of the articles were qualified and experienced in their respective fields. 

For content relevance, I used the titles of the research publications as references.  I searched for titles that were closely relevant to healthcare access. As a result, I had significant information that would help me learn more about my topic issue. Secondly, I read the abstracts or sort descriptions of several publications, which highlight the research purpose, methods employed, results, conclusions, and suggestions. This method of skimming through the six articles allowed me to identify those that featured information about limited healthcare access, the factors that contribute to it, and some of the proposed solutions to address these issues. 

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 2  Applying Research Skills 

Annotated Bibliography

Happel, B., Wilson, K., Platania-Phung, C., & Stanton, R. (2016). Filling the gaps and finding our way: Family carers navigating the healthcare system to access physical health services for the people they care for. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26, 1917–1926. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13505 1917. In this article, the authors assess the views and experiences of careers about the physical health of mentally ill patients they care for. They communicate the  importance of involving carers in understanding the physical health needs of mentally ill patients and the variety of ways that they can be applied in developing solutions. The authors gather evidence from primary sources by collecting data using interviews with thirteen caregivers about their experiences with the mentally ill. These authors identified a lack of care coordination, access, and responsiveness as the major barriers to high-quality physical treatment  for people with mental illnesses. /while caretakers play an important role in ensuring that the physical healthcare needs of the mentally ill are met, the paper points out that there is no structured approach to govern their coordination. This article was chosen for this study because it identifies the mentally ill as a vulnerable population with physical health access challenges, and suggests that caretakers be involved in devising solutions to most of these issues because of their active involvement.

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Mixer, S., Beebe, L.H., Elliot, L.M., Turley, D., Craig, J., Chelko, M., & McCoig, C. (2021). Transforming RN roles using an academic-practice partnership to improve healthcare access for underserved populations. Journal of Professional Nursing, 37, 459-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.06.006. This article discusses ways through which nursing education can be used to promote access to healthcare for underserved populations. The authors believe that the problem of accessibility can be resolved by enabling  BSN students to practice at the full scope of their licenses in community-based integrated care settings  upon graduation (Miser et al., 2021). According to the authors, an effort to  improve healthcare access has forced the creation of academic-practice partnerships to prepare BSN graduates for community care settings with culturally diverse populations and underserved populations. They reflect on  the TRIP program, which has been implemented successfully in BSN, and the progess made in closing he gap in underserved communities. By using evidence from the field, the authors urge other partners in the healthcare field to create a sustainable RN workforce that is willing to and ready to improve the wellbeing of the underserved. This article was considered resourceful for this topic since it demonstrates that education partnerships to promote professional competency in community health can help in mitigating healthcare access barriers.

Ware, P., Bartlett, S.J., Paré, G., Symeonidis, I., Tannenbaum, C., Bartlett, G., Poissant, L., & Ahmed, S., (2017). Using eHealth technologies: Interests, preferences, and concerns of older adults. Interactive Journal Medical Research, 23, 6(1). DOI: 10.2196/ijmr.4447. This article provides insights on the diverse nature of needs by older adults who need healthcare more often. According to these authors, older adults’ needs and preferences are shaped by their frustrations and experiences with the healthcare systems. They observe that most of the modern technologies that are used to share healthcare information are difficult for older adults to understand. As a result, a majority of them miss out on important health information. The authors identified five themes: challenges in the identification of credible sources of information from the internet; privacy concerns; peer communication and support; ownership, access, and responsibility for health information; and the need to enhance healthcare interaction. Additionally, the article points the perceived value of eHealth technology in terms of its ability to facilitate access to healthcare information and foster peer communication between adults experiencing the same health challenges. They concluded that there is a need for such technologies to provide secure, readable, accessible, and understandable health information to be accepted by adults. This article was selected because older adults are the most vulnerable and often miss healthcare because of their lack of knowledge. The authors’ suggestions on technological solutions that the healthcare system can adapt to foster accessibility to credible information and how they can be tailored to meet older adults’ medical needs can help eliminate accessibility barriers.

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 2  Applying Research Skills 

Zegeye, B., El-Khatib, Z., Ameyew, E.K., Seidu, A., Ahinkorah, B.O., Keetile, M., & Yaya, S. (2020). Breaking barriers to healthcare access: A multilevel analysis of individual- and community-level factors affecting women’s access to healthcare services in Benin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(750), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020750. In this article, the authors examine the magnitude of the healthcare access problem in low-income countries. The authors use existing literature and primary data to investigate the depth of accessibility problems in developing countries. Using Benin as the case, the research was conducted using a survey strategy that involved collecting health data from the 2017–2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey. The findings of the study revealed that women had a challenge in accessing healthcare. The authors identified the level of education of partners, economic status, parity, and marital status as contributors to poor access to healthcare by women in Benin. This article was considered important for my topic given that besides identifying women as vulnerable groups in low-income countries, it suggests that women empowerment, promotion of husband education, the extension of national education coverage, and prioritizing unmarried women can significantly solve some of the healthcare success challenges in low income-contexts.

Learning from the Research

This activity was engaging and eye-opening in terms of the healthcare access issues that underprivileged people face in many settings. It has been discovered that using evidence-based strategies to solve nursing challenges is one method of resolving healthcare problems. Evidence-based solutions are generated by constant study, professional discussions, and continual education to improve healthcare delivery, according to peer-reviewed articles. The four publications demonstrated that healthcare access is a significant concern that requires a multi-faceted approach that is tailored to meet the standards of various disadvantaged populations. 

References

Happel, B., Wilson, K., Platania-Phung, C., & Stanton, R. (2016). Filling the gaps and finding our way: Family carers navigating the healthcare system to access physical health services for the people they care for. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26, 1917–1926. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13505 1917.

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 2  Applying Research Skills 

Mixer, S., Beebe, L.H., Elliot, L.M., Turley, D., Craig, J., Chelko, M., & McCoig, C. (2021). Transforming RN roles using an academic-practice partnership to improve healthcare access for underserved populations. Journal of Professional Nursing, 37, 459-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.06.006.

Ware, P., Bartlett, S.J., Paré, G., Symeonidis, I., Tannenbaum, C., Bartlett, G., Poissant, L., & Ahmed, S., (2017). Using eHealth technologies: Interests, preferences, and concerns of older adults. Interactive Journal Medical Research, 23, 6(1). DOI: 10.2196/ijmr.4447.

Zegeye,B., El-Khatib, Z., Ameyew, E.K., Seidu, A., Ahinkorah, B.O., Keetile, M., & Yaya, S. (2020). Breaking barriers to healthcare access: A multilevel analysis of individual- and community-level factors affecting women’s access to healthcare services in Benin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(750), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020750.

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