Assignment Week 3 – NURS 6052 Evidence-Based Project

Assignment Week 3 – NURS 6052

Assignment: Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies
 
Is there a difference between “common practice” and “best practice”?

When you first went to work for your current organization, experienced colleagues may have shared with you details about processes and procedures. Perhaps you even attended an orientation session to brief you on these matters. As a “rookie,” you likely kept the nature of your questions to those with answers that would best help you perform your new role.
Over time and with experience, perhaps you recognized aspects of these processes and procedures that you wanted to question further. This is the realm of clinical inquiry.
Clinical inquiry is the practice of asking questions about clinical practice. To continuously improve patient care, all nurses should consistently use clinical inquiry to question why they are doing something the way they are doing it. Do they know why it is done this way, or is it just because we have always done it this way? Is it a common practice or a best practice?
In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed.
 

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.
• Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest.
• Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.
• Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry

Create a 4- to 5-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:

• Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Describe how you used keywords to search on your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
• Provide APA citations of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 2: Identifying Research Methodologies

After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:

• The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.
• A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
• A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

References

Halm, M., & Sandau, K. (2018). Skin Impact of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs Vs Handwashing. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(4), 334–337. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.4037/ajcc2018727

Munoz-Figueroa, G. P., & Ojo, O. (2018). The effectiveness of alcohol-based gel for hand sanitising in infection control. British Journal of Nursing, 27(7), 382–388. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.12968/bjon.2018.27.7.382

Lim, K., Kilpatrick, C., Storr, J., & Seale, H. (2018). Exploring the use of entertainment-education YouTube videos focused on infection prevention and control. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(11), 1218–1223. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.05.002

Grayson, M. L., Stewardson, A. J., Russo, P. L., Ryan, K. E., Olsen, K. L., Havers, S. M., … Cruickshank, M. (2018). Effects of the Australian National Hand Hygiene Initiative after 8 years on infection control practices, health-care worker education, and clinical outcomes: a longitudinal study. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1269–1277. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30491-2

Loftus, R. W., Dexter, F., & Robinson, A. D. M. (2018). High-risk Staphylococcus aureus transmission in the operating room: A call for widespread improvements in perioperative hand hygiene and patient decolonization practices. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(10), 1134–1141. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.04.211

Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry

Evidence-Based Practice
Theory
Student’s Name
Institution Of Affiliation
Course Name
Date

Introduction

üThe integration of EBP in nursing practice has helped to promote patient safety and health outcomes

üEBP supports clinical decision making with evidence

üIt is the most preferred  approach to  managing patient and clinical outcomes

üWhen correctly applied in every stage, both patients and healthcare providers understand a condition

üEBP integrates a patient’s preferences, values and beliefs with the best available scientific evidence and clinician’s expertise in decision making.

Evidence-based practice is an intense process which integrates a patient’s preferences, clinical expertise and scientific evidence in clinical decision making when providing care. It has greatly contributed to improvements in patient’s safety and health outcomes based on scientific and clinical evidence. Its use in nursing practice has also improved the understanding of both patients and healthcare providers on specific conditions. This EBP project aims at comparing the effectiveness of various disinfection procedures used in infection control in heathcare settings.

Clinical Issue

üHospital Acquired Infections are a major issue of public health concern in the US and across the globe

üApproximately 2million HAIs and up to 100,000 associated deaths happen annually in the US

üPoor hand hygiene during patient care is the major cause of HAIs

üPreventing against HAIs requires improvement in hand hygiene practices

Hospital Acquired Infections are a major public health concern in the United States and across the globe. Their occurrence has been associated with poor hand hygiene practices in routine patient care. According to the statistics provided by the World Health Organization, up to 100, 000 deaths and 2 million cases every year are associated with HAIs. However, majority of these cases can be prevented through hand hygiene practices. This calls for the implementation of better infection control strategies and education to the public, healthcare providers and everyone at high risk of infection.

Search Methodology

üThe articles were searched for in online scientific databases

ü The search keywords were: infection control, hand hygiene, hand washing, alcohol-based hand rub and hospital acquired infection

üThe search included articles published within the last 5 years,

üGeneral search yielded  twelve  articles but only five met the inclusion criteria

Extensive searches in online scientific databases of CINAHL, PubMed, Medline and EBSCOHost. The searched used keywords such as infection control, hand hygiene, hand washing, alcohol-based hand rub and hospital acquired infection (HAI).  Although thousands of results were found, an inclusion criterion was used to narrow down the search. Therefore, only articles published within the last five years were included and articles that were specific to the use of alcohol-based hand rub and hand washing.

Research Databases

üAn online search was conducted in the databases of CINAHL, PubMed, EBSCOHost and Medline

üMedline was freely accessible over the internet and the use of Medical Subject Headings promoted retrieval of data

üThe EBSCOHost database promoted the ability to access internal and external information from a single search box

üPubMed was easy to use since it automatically translated an initial search using Boolean operators to search results

üCINAHL was fast and provided broad content to full-text top nursing journals

An online electronic search was done in the following scientific databases: CINAHL, PubMed, EBSCOHost and Medline.  Medline could easily be accessed over the internet and its procedure to use Medical Subject Headings promoted fast retrieval of data. EBSCOHost database enhanced easier access to internal and external information from a single search box.  PubMed was easy to use as it automatically translated an initial search using Boolean operators to search results. The CINAHL database was also was fast but somewhat challenging to work with although it provided top broad content and full-text nursing journals. NURS 6052 wk 3 assignment Matrix Worksheet Template

References

üGrayson, M. L., Stewardson, A. J., Russo, P. L., Ryan, K. E., Olsen, K. L., Havers, S. M., … & National Hand Hygiene Initiative. (2018). Effects of the Australian National Hand Hygiene Initiative after 8 years on infection control practices, health-care worker education, and clinical outcomes: a longitudinal study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1269-1277.

üHalm, M., & Sandau, K. (2018). Skin Impact of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs vs Handwashing. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(4), 334-337.

üLoftus, R. W., Dexter, F., & Robinson, A. D. (2018). High-risk Staphylococcus aureus transmission in the operating room: a call for widespread improvements in perioperative hand hygiene and patient decolonization practices. American journal of infection control, 46(10), 1134-1141 NURS 6052 wk 3 assignment Matrix Worksheet Template.

ü

References

üLim, K., Kilpatrick, C., Storr, J., & Seale, H. (2018). Exploring the use of entertainment-education YouTube videos focused on infection prevention and control. American journal of infection control, 46(11), 1218-1223.

üMunoz-Figueroa, G. P., & Ojo, O. (2018). The effectiveness of alcohol-based gel for hand sanitising in infection control. British Journal of Nursing, 27(7), 382-388.

Part 2: Identifying Research Methodologies – Analysis

Grayson, M. L., Stewardson, A. J., Russo, P. L., Ryan, K. E., Olsen, K. L., Havers, S. M.,  & National Hand Hygiene Initiative. (2018). Effects of the Australian National Hand Hygiene Initiative after 8 years on infection control practices, health-care worker education, and clinical outcomes: a longitudinal study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1269-1277.

Relation To The Clinical Issue

This article similarly highlights how Healthcare-Associated infections hinder patient safety, increases mortality and morbidity rates prolong hospital stays and increases medical costs. The researchers further acknowledge compliance of hand hygiene among healthcare providers as a significant strategy to maintain patient safety especially with regards to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus Aureus. However, very few national programs have been sustained and integrated successfully into the national-health structure. Based on the results of the NHHI (National Hand Hygiene Initiative), hand hygiene reduces the risks of healthcare-associated infections which continue to be a major public health concern. NURS 6052 wk 3 assignment Matrix Worksheet Template

Aim of the Study

The study aimed at evaluating the outcomes of the NHHI including its effect on the incidences of healthcare-associated Staphylococcus Aureus and hand hygiene compliance. This study aim was influenced by the background knowledge that a healthcare provider’s compliance with hand hygiene is a significant national strategy for patient safety.

Research Methodology

This was a quantitative longitudinal study where the outcomes of the NHHI eight years after implementation were assessed. The assessment included the extent of hand hygiene guidelines compliance and the hospital’s participation, costs, and association with healthcare-associated Staphylococcus Aureus and educational engagement.

Strengths of Research Methodologies

Wide population data were used to evaluate the clinical impact of NHHI, specific, statistical analysis was done comparisons of proportions (χ² or t-test), with a p-value of 0·05 or less (two-tailed) which was considered to be statistically significant and increased the accuracy of results. Besides, hand hygiene and compliance data were assessed for errors and consistency using a standard process for review and validation. To maximize the validity and accuracy of data, two systems were established including representative hospital samples and the poorly performing sites. NURS 6052 wk 3 assignment Matrix Worksheet Template

Munoz-Figueroa, G. P., & Ojo, O. (2018). The effectiveness of alcohol-based gel for hand sanitizing in infection control. British Journal of Nursing, 27(7), 382-388.

Relation To The Clinical Issue

The article addresses a similar clinical issue by acknowledging Healthcare-Associated Infections as a public health concern for the health sector across the globe according to NICE. Some of the commonly identified infections include surgical, respiratory and urinary tract infections. This calls for the implementation of better strategies to control infections including education, reinforcing knowledge to the public, healthcare providers and individuals at high risk of infections in all areas of nursing practice.

Aim of the Study

The study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of alcohol-based gel for hand rubs in controlling infections in the clinical setting. The article was specific to renal nursing following a growth in the focus of evidence-based practice.

Research Methodology

The EBP process for clinical decision making was reviewed for effective literature on the effectiveness of alcohol-based gel and the results published recently concerning the findings of the best model.

Strengths of Research Methodologies

The review utilizes the steps of EBP and numerous articles relevant to the review purpose are used to justify the information shared.

General Comment

When compared to approaches that use detergents and disinfectants that can result in pathogen dissemination, alcohol when adequately used is even more effective. Therefore, hand rubs should be at every patient’s bedside, ward entrance and hospital for use after, before and when performing all activities related to care

Halm, M., & Sandau, K. (2018). Skin Impact of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs vs Handwashing. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(4), 334-337.

Relation To The Clinical Issue

The researchers refer to the guidelines by the CDC and WHO which have been driven hand hygiene practices for more than ten years. According to these guidelines, when hands are deeply soiled with body fluids or blood or after visiting the toilet with suspected Clostridium difficile pathogens, the most preferred way to manage and control infections is through Handwashing with soap and water. However, for all other clinical scenarios, the researchers recommend that routine hand hygiene should be maintained with alcohol-based hand rubs. This discussion on infection prevention perfectly resonates with my clinical issue to be addressed.

Aim of the Study

According to the researchers, frequent Handwashing is a major cause of contact dermatitis thus rarely preferred by healthcare providers in clinical settings as a way of managing and controlling infections.  On the other hand, alcohol-based hand rubs are notably effective in bacterial reduction and causes less skin irritation. These perceptions greatly influence the degree of staff compliance to hand hygiene guidelines which ultimately impacts the rates of HAIs. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the impact of ABHRs supplemented by the use of creams and lotions on health outcomes.

Research Methodology

The study was a systematic review of literature that used qualitative methods approach.  The researchers searched the databases of MEDLINE and CINAHL using the keywords ABHR, contact dermatitis, dermatitis, and Handwashing. This search was limited to articles that had been published within the last 10 years. Only original articles were considered NURS 6052 wk 3 assignment Matrix Worksheet Template. The findings were presented in the form of tables to show outcomes and comparisons.

Strengths of Research Methodologies

The comprehensive literature search that was conducted was within the limit of 10 years. This aimed at ensuring that the findings could still be applied to current clinical practice and were in line with the recommended practice guidelines. Besides, the researchers used the following keywords to conduct the literature search: hand hygiene, ABHR, hand washing, dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. This ensured that only studies that were relevant to the clinical issue were addressed.

General Comments

To promote the use of ABHRs and lessen the occurrence of contact dermatitis, nurses should be taught that Handwashing after and before using ABHRs removes emollients and sebum layers thus increasing the risk of contact dermatitis

Loftus, R. W., Dexter, F., & Robinson, A. D. (2018). High-risk Staphylococcus aureus transmission in the operating room: a call for widespread improvements in perioperative hand hygiene and patient decolonization practices. American journal of infection control, 46(10), 1134-1141.

Relation To The Clinical Issue

The article discusses how an increase in the awareness and epidemiology of pathogen transmission can help to expand compliance with intraoperative infection control measures. This was specific to the risk of transmitting Staphylococcus Aureus during operations which are associated with high transmission rates, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. It was also attributed to a significant growth pathogen spread within acute care settings to healthy community dwellers in community settings. The researchers further discuss evidence-based solutions that can be used to address this issue to improve patient safety.

Aim of the Study

The researchers acknowledged Healthcare-Associated Infections to be an overwhelming issue related to antibiotics resistance. It is for this reason that healthcare providers have been urged to ensure compliance with some of the most basic prevention measures to prevent the unnecessary use of antibiotics and prevent infections. The study was specific to reducing the incidence of surgical site infections through the preoperative decolonization of staph Aureus through improvement measures in novel hand hygiene. Therefore, the study aimed to characterize the epidemiology of sequence types  of  Staphylococcus Aureus in the operating environment.

Research Methodology

The study used quantitative research methods where Staphylococcus Aureus species that were isolated and collected from three medical centers underwent biofilm absorbance, genome analysis, and API (analytical profile indexing). 274 case pairs were randomly selected using a computer-generated list from a total of three medical centers in the US.  178 species of Staphylococcus Aureus were isolated. Of these, 173 were associated with the possibility of transmissions. The researchers also conducted an assessment on the virulent, antibiotic-resistant and hyper transmissible and strains of staphylococcus Aureus.  Statistical analyses using X² tests and Poisson regression with variances were used for statistical analyses.

Strengths of Research Methodologies

The researchers used randomization of study participants and a large study sample which increased chances of applicability of the results to wide-population settings. Besides, randomization helped to establish a cause and effect relationship between the variables that were being studied. The researchers also used conceptual frameworks to list the possible courses of action regarding the concept that was an understudy. When conducting the statistical analyses, χ2 tests were used in examining the possible associations of covariates previously mentioned variates about transmission.

General Comments

Intraoperative strains of Staphylococcus Aureus are pathogenic and hyper-transmissible. To control their spread, compliance with hand hygiene and patient decolonization are essential.

References

Grayson, M. L., Stewardson, A. J., Russo, P. L., Ryan, K. E., Olsen, K. L., Havers, S. M., … & National Hand Hygiene Initiative. (2018). Effects of the Australian National Hand Hygiene Initiative after 8 years on infection control practices, health-care worker education, and clinical outcomes: a longitudinal study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1269-1277. NURS 6052 wk 3 assignment Matrix Worksheet Template

Halm, M., & Sandau, K. (2018). Skin Impact of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs vs Handwashing. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(4), 334-337.

Loftus, R. W., Dexter, F., & Robinson, A. D. (2018). High-risk Staphylococcus aureus transmission in the operating room: a call for widespread improvements in perioperative hand hygiene and patient decolonization practices. American journal of infection control, 46(10), 1134-1141.

Munoz-Figueroa, G. P., & Ojo, O. (2018). The effectiveness of alcohol-based gel for hand sanitizing in infection control. British Journal of Nursing, 27(7), 382-388.

NURS 6052 wk 3 assignment Matrix Worksheet Template

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Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

• Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

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Familiarize yourself with the APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

• Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage over-utilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source. Assignment Week 3 – NURS 6052

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For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

• Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is a 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

• Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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