Homework: Digestion Lab

Food digestion is the main composite body procedure, which includes a combination of physiochemical processes (Livovsky et al., 2020). The process of digestion starts with food intake, breakdown of the food in a simpler state, then absorption of the food and then moving it to the related organs for the absorption of the nutrients, and then purging the leftover to the anus or bladder for secretion (Sensoy, 2021).  

BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 4 Homework: Digestion Lab

This article will discuss the digestion lab with estimates of the daily caloric intake of an individual, thus posing the reason for what is normal value and why. Furthermore, it will provide a percentage calculation of the daily caloric intake with a reasonable explanation. It will list the serving size, calories in the serving size, sodium, carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, and minerals in the food item.  It will also provide an analysis of the food items based on the labeled packaging description, along with the pros and cons of the items. 

Daily Caloric Intake

Calories are the measure of energy that a body absorbs from the food breakdown. The energy is then utilized by the body to carry out different tasks. The general caloric intake is recommended for women to be 2000 calories, while for men, it is advised to be 2500 per day. However, the intake limit can usually be varied by age, metabolism, physical activity, and other related things (Kolte et al., 2022).  

Consuming an optimum amount of calories is essential for the individual’s health. On the other hand, consuming more calories than required can lead to obesity or other related health concerns. The issues of not taking enough calories can range from being lethargic, feeling low, not having the energy to perform the tasks, and having anorexia. In contrast, excess calorie intake can lead to obesity, heart disease, and arthritis (Osilla & Sharma, 2019).  The caloric limit is reasonable for men, but it should be increased for either lactating or pregnant women. The food intake should process the energy intake requirements of fetal and placental tissue growth (Most et al., 2019).  

Percentage of Daily Calories

I have taken peanut butter as the food item needed. This is Crazy Richards Peanut butter. The recommended amount is 1-2 Tbsp serving size, which is around 32 g and should not exceed this serving size, which contains 180 calories per serving. The amount of fat is around 16 g, and the protein is 8 g in this serving size. That is low then the actual required fat amount. The daily fat percentage in food should be 25-35 percent, which is around 80 grams at 2000 calories a day.  American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that this amount should not be exceeded to keep a healthy heart. Besides, the label says it has 2 % calcium and 6 % iron per serving. My plate is a plan by the US Department of Agriculture based on the dietary guidelines for America 2020-2025. While 1 mg of iron is required to be consumed daily for men, it is recommended to be around 1.5 mg per day for women. The daily protein intake should be equivalent to 5-6 ounces per day for females; for males, it is recommended to be around 6.5 to 7 ounces (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2020). 

Pros and Cons of the Serving Size

Peanut butter is a protein-rich creamy nut form. The amount of serving is suggested to be 2 tbsp. a day. This is not a dietary supplement, but the taste of the cream spread enhances the flavor of sandwiches or any other foods made with this. I’ve taken Crazy Richard’s Crunchy Peanut Butter. Although it is rich in poly-unsaturated fats with 2g total sugar, it can lead to excessive weight gain if taken in excess. The label suggests that there are 180 calories per serving; this is the advantage that it has rich nutritional value. 

BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 4 Homework: Digestion Lab

The Pros and Cons of the Food’s Sodium, Carbohydrate, Sugar, Protein, Vitamins, and Minerals 

The total fat is 16 g, and the protein is 8 g in this serving size; as already mentioned, this amount is lower than the required food suggested amount of fat needs to be taken by an individual.  The daily amount of fat required for an active individual is around 80 grams at 2000 calorie intake per day, but it should not exceed this limit, according to American Heart Association (AHA). Sodium is mentioned as 0 percent on the label, so it is expected that the salty taste of the peanut butter is just from natural peanuts. The sugar content is around 2 g per serving which is a bit less for a spread. The total carbs are 5g with 3g dietary fiber and 2 g sugar, and no artificial added sugar, which is a plus point. This contains 0% vitamin, 2 % calcium, 6 % iron, and 4 % potassium, a good amount of nutritional minerals as per the serving, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (2020). 

Label analysis and food Item pros and cons

The foods made with peanut butter are mostly peanut butter cookies, peanut butter sandwiches, peanut butter ice cream, peanut butter shakes, peanut butter pancakes and peanut butter cakes. According to the label analysis of Crazy Richard’s Crunchy Peanut Butter, it contains around 2g of sugar and this is an optimum amount of sugar per serving (Prada et al., 2020). The advantage of consuming peanut butter is with sandwiches or other healthy sort of foods. On the other hand, the cons are too much added sugar when combined in with cookies or with high-content sugary cakes. 

How to Improve Misleading Packaging

Misleading packaging is labeling and claiming the wrong product, size, and weight to mislead consumers. This affects public health and can lead to bad customer experience and sales of the company and products, as consumers can be misguided by the packaging. This is the consumer’s right to get adequate information through the food label so that they might be aware of what they intake along with their nutritional values. Misleading packaging can be improved by using ethical considerations of consumer rights to restore a healthy population (Schifferstein et al., 2021).

Conclusion 

The assessment described a Digestive lab. The daily caloric intake for an individual is around 2000-2500 calories and the latter is for males as they require more energy to meet the daily requirements. Crazy Richards, Crunchy peanut butter is chosen as the described food item. Moreover, the percentage of daily food intake of the food item taken and its’s pros and cons describe that peanut butter is good source of carbs, dietary fiber, potassium, and calcium with less added sugar. The food labels are the way of information for the consumers so it must be written accurately and after proper research by the manufacturing company. 

BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 4 Homework: Digestion Lab

References

Kolte, A., Mahajan, Y., & Vasa, L. (2022). Balanced diet and daily calorie consumption: Consumer attitude during the COVID-19 pandemic from an emerging economy. PLOS ONE, 17(8).

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270843 

Livovsky, D. M., Pribic, T., & Azpiroz, F. (2020). Food, eating, and the gastrointestinal tract. Nutrients, 12(4), 986.

 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040986 

Most, J., Dervis, S., Haman, F., Adamo, K. B., & Redman, L. M. (2019). Energy intake requirements in pregnancy. Nutrients, 11(8), 1812. 

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081812 

Osilla, E. V., & Sharma, S. (2019, June 18). Calories. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499909/ 

Prada, M., Saraiva, M., Garrido, M. V., Rodrigues, D. L., & Lopes, D. (2020). Knowledge about sugar sources and sugar intake guidelines in Portuguese consumers. Nutrients, 12(12), 3888. 

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123888 

Schifferstein, H. N. J., de Boer, A., & Lemke, M. (2021). Conveying information through food packaging: A literature review comparing legislation with consumer perception. Journal of Functional Foods, 86, 104734. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104734 

Sensoy, I. (2021). A review on the food digestion in the digestive tract and the used in vitro models. Current Research in Food Science, 4, 308–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.04.004 

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2020). Protein Foods | MyPlate. Www.myplate.gov. https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/protein-foods 

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