Compare Independent Variables Dependent Variables and Extraneous Variables

Compare Independent Variables Dependent Variables and Extraneous Variables

Compare Independent Variables Dependent Variables and Extraneous Variables

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Topic 4 DQ 1

Schmidt (2018) states that the independent variable is, “The experimental or predictor variable. It is manipulated in the research to observe the effect on the dependent variable.” The dependent variable is what is affected by the independent variable. It can change in response to the independent variable (Schmidt, 2018). The article “Experimental study with nursing staff related to the knowledge about pressure ulcers” uses a great example of independent variables and dependent variables. The objective of the study was to compare pressure injury (PI) knowledge with a sample of nurses before and then after receiving a total of 10 hours of education on PI classification, prevention, and treatment. The educational interventions were held for one hour, once a week, for 10 weeks. The education gained from the interventions was the independent variable. The educational resources were a mix of resources; PowerPoint presentations, group discussions, hands-on practice and printed handouts were all used. The researchers could manipulate these resources or change the length of the educational sessions which could affect the amount of knowledge gained (the dependent variable).

Schmidt (2018) defines extraneous variables as “A variable that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables; can be controlled either through research design or statistical procedures; were not foreseen or known at the beginning of the study.” Influencing the independent and dependent variables will affect the outcome of the study. Random control trials (RCTs) are one method for controlling extraneous variables. Riccardo et al. stated, “RCTs are designed to minimize extraneous variables so that a direct cause-and-effect relationship can be discerned between an intervention and an observed outcome. For these reasons they are considered the gold standard for evaluating treatment efficacy according to registration requirements” (2021). Another way to minimize extraneous variables is through random sampling. This won’t eliminate extraneous variables, but it ensures equality between all groups.

Using 200-300 words APA format with at least two references to support the discussion.

 Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables. Support your answer with peer-reviewed articles.

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• Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

• Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

• APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with the APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

• Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage over-utilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

• LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

• Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is a 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

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Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours. Compare Independent Dependent Variables

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