EBP Project – Finding The Evidence

PICO(T) Worksheet

First, identify each element of your PICO on the line below, then take a look at the templates below to help you formulate a PICO(T) question.

 

P: Population/disease ( i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder)

P: ____________________________________________________________________

 

I: Intervention or Variable of Interest (exposure to a disease, risk behavior, prognostic factor) Note: Not every question will have an intervention (as in a meaning question – see below).

I: ____________________________________________________________________

 

C: Comparison: (could be a placebo or “business as usual” as in no disease, absence of risk factor). Note: This is not used in a meaning question – see below.

C: ____________________________________________________________________

 

O: Outcome: (risk of disease, accuracy of a diagnosis, rate of occurrence of adverse outcome)

O: ____________________________________________________________________

 

T: Time: The time it takes to demonstrate an outcome (e.g. the time it takes for the intervention to achieve an outcome or how long participants are observed). This is an optional “add-on” for a PICO question.

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

For PICO questions about a nursing intervention/therapy:

In _______(P), what is the effect of _______(I) on ______(O) compared with _______(C) within ________ (T)?

 

For PICO etiology questions:

Are ____ (P) who have _______ (I) at ___ (increased/decreased) risk for/of_______ (O) compared with ______ (P) with/without ______ (C) over _____ (T)?

 

For PICO questions involving prevention:

For ________ (P) does the use of ______ (I) reduce the future risk of ________ (O) compared with _________ (C)?

 

For PICO questions that predict:

Does __________ (I) influence ________ (O) in patients who have _______ (P) over ______ (T)?

 

For PICO questions that want to know more about the meaning of…..

How do ________ (P) diagnosed with _______ (I) perceive ______ (O) during _____ (T)?

Based on Melnyk B., & Fineout-Overholt E. (2010). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Submit by the due date and time listed in your syllabus.

Overview

This assignment will allow you to create an evidence-based practice project that includes the development of a PICO question and follows the initial steps of the Iowa Model. You will share your findings using an APA formatted paper. EBP Project – Finding The Evidence

Submitting your assignment

· Save this document to your desktop as a Word document.

· Open the document from your desktop and review the assignment instructions and grading rubric.

· Create a separate Word document for your paper.

· Return to the course and upload your paper and your nursing research article that was approved by your coach in Module 2 to the assignment submission link in Module Four. Please note: if you forget to upload your nursing quantitative research article, a 5 point penalty will be applied to your paper.

Grading Rubric

Use this rubric to guide your work the assignment. Points are awarded for each section based on content and clarity of expression. EBP Project – Finding The Evidence

	Accomplished (Maximum points awarded)	Proficient (Points awarded based on content)	Needs Improvement (Minimum points awarded)
Initial PICO question completed / nursing research article selected.	Research article is a quantitative article, nursing focused, and is 5 years or less from current publication date. Please note: if you forget to upload your nursing quantitative research article, a 5 point penalty will be applied to your paper 5 to > 3 points	Research article is a quantitative article that is nursing focused but is greater than 5 years old. 3 – >2 points	Research article is not nursing focused or is a qualitative article, systematic review, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis, meta-summary, integrative review, clinical information article or “how-to” article. No article uploaded. 2 to >0 points
Opening Paragraph (Paragraph #1)	Introduction statement(s) present. PICO question with all elements present. Statement of importance with two facts such as costs, morbidity, mortality, safety. Include related statistics with citation and is 5 years or less from current publication date. 10 – >8 points	No introduction statement(s). PICO statement is incomplete. Statement of importance incomplete or missing. Citation is incomplete or missing. 8 – >3 points	No introduction statement(s). PICO statement grossly incomplete or missing. Statement of importance missing. No citation 3 – >0 points
Summary paragraph for your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #2)	Three facts clearly identified from quantitative nursing research article and is 5 years or less from current publication date. A least two of the facts include information from the Results and / or Discussion sections. Facts clearly tied to PICO question. Facts connected to your nursing practice. 10 – >8 points	Less than three facts clearly identified from quantitative nursing research article. Only one fact includes results or discussion sections. Facts not clearly tied to PICO question. Facts not clearly connected to your nursing practice. 8 – >3 points	No facts clearly identified from the article. No facts from the results or discussion sections No attempt to connect facts from the article back to the PICO question. No attempt to connect facts from the article back to your nursing practice. 3 – >0 points
Reliability paragraph for your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #3)	Definition of reliability offered with citation. Discussion of reliability clearly connected to data collection or measurement methods with examples from the student’s research article. Type of reliability is identified and named. Hint: This information is covered in Chapter 10. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of reliability of        the measurement instrument / tool. 10 – >8 points	Vague or no definition of reliability. Minimal reference to data collection or measurement methods in discussion of reliability with no reference to specific information from the student’s article. Type of reliability is not clearly identified / named. 8 – >3 points	Vague statements about reliability made with no discussion of data collection or measurement methods offered. Type of reliability is not identified / named. 3 – >0 points
Validity paragraph for your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #4)	Definition of validity offered with citation. Discussion of validity clearly connected to data collection, or measurement methods with examples from the student’s research article. Type of validity is identified and named. Hint: This information is covered in Chapter 10. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of validity of        the measurement instrument / tool. 10 – >8 points	Vague or no definition of validity. Minimal reference to data collection, or measurement methods in discussion of validity with no reference to specific information from the student’s article. Type of validity is not clearly identified / named. 8 – >3 points	Vague statements about validity made with no discussion of data collection or measurement methods offered. Type of validity is not identified / named. 3 – >0 points
Two additional strengths or weaknesses from your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #5)	Two strengths or two weaknesses or one strength and one weakness are specifically identified from your nursing quantitative research article. The student choices for strengths / weaknesses must focus on the methods used by the authors for sampling, measurement methods used (ex. a questionnaire), or how the data was collected (data collection) with examples from the student’s research article. 10 – >8 points	Only one strength / or weakness explained well with second strength / weakness only identified. Strengths / weaknesses not based on sample, measurement methods, or data collection. 8 – >3 points	Strength / weaknesses identified are not based on these three critique skills. No strengths / weaknesses identified. 3 – >0 points
Clinical practice guideline summary. (Paragraph #6)	Name of the clinical practice guideline and specific website identified. Guideline is the most recent version or published within the past five years. Three facts clearly identified that were found within the guideline and relate to the practice of a BSN. Facts clearly tied to PICO question. Facts connected to your nursing practice. 10 – >8 points	Name of the clinical practice guideline or website not clearly identified. Fewer than three facts clearly identified that were found within the guideline or facts not specifically related to the practice of the nurse. Facts vaguely tied to PICO question. Facts vaguely connected to your nursing practice. 8 – >3 points	Name of the clinical practice guideline or website not stated. No clearly identified facts from the guideline. Facts not tied to PICO question or nursing practice. 3 – >0 points
“Fourth resource” summary. (Paragraph #7)	Three facts clearly identified from the fourth resource which is 5 years or less from current publication date. Facts clearly tied to PICO question. Facts connected to your nursing practice. 10 – >8 points	Less than three facts clearly identified from the fourth resource. Facts not clearly tied to PICO question. Facts not clearly connected your nursing practice. 8 – >3 points	No facts clearly identified from the fourth resource. No attempt to connect facts from the fourth resource back to the PICO question. No attempt to connect facts from the fourth resource back to your nursing practice. 3 – >0 points
Closing Paragraph(s) (Paragraph #8 and #9, if needed)	PICO question is restated. A summary of what was learned (from all sources) is present. Recommendations for practice are offered. 10 – >8 points	Missing one or more of the following elements: PICO question. A summary of what was learned. Recommendations for practice. 8 – >3 points	No PICO question. Poor or no attempt to summarize information from the resources. No / vague recommendations for practice are offered. 3 – >0 points
APA Style and Formatting	APA formatting for this paper will follow the guidelines for general formatting, in text-citations, margins, headings (if desired) alignment and line spacing, font type and size, paragraph indentation, page headers, and the reference page as explained in the 2nd edition of APA the Easy Way or the 6th edition of the APA Manual. Helpful Hints: · Do not use 1st person in a formal paper. · Do not use direct quotes, instead summarize and paraphrase what you are reading. Multiple quotes (more than two) will receive multiple point deductions. · Please do not forget to use the approved CONHI cover page. · Check your references format before submitting your paper. A ten-point deduction will be applied to your paper if the References page is omitted. The first time an APA error is discovered, it will be pointed out to you and a point will be deducted from your paper. Maximum number of points deducted for APA errors: 15 points

Instructions for Completing Your Assignment

· Step one: Using the topic you chose for Module 2 Searching for a Quantitative Nursing article, identify a nursing clinical practice question that you would like to explore.

· Step two: Complete the readings from Module Four. Use the readings from Module Four to put your nursing clinical practice question into a PICO format.

· Step three: Search for a nursing quantitative research article (or two) that relates to your PICO question using Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, Pubmed, Google Scholar, or any other database that contains nursing research articles. Please note: you may be able to use the article that you submitted in Module Two to meet this requirement.

· The article you will find must meet the following mandatory requirements:

· It must be based on the topic list attached here.

· It must be from a nursing research journal or have a nurse as an author.

· It must be no more than 5 years old from the current publication year.

· It must include implications and / or interventions that are applicable to nursing practice.

· It may not be a qualitative article, systematic review, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis, meta-summary, integrative review or a retrospective / quality improvement study. For more information on how to recognize these types of article see Grove & Gray (2019) pp. 21-23.

· It may not be a clinical information article or “how-to” article.

· Step four: If you have questions about your PICO question formatting or the nursing quantitative research article that you found, post them to the Q & A discussion board for feedback from your peers.

· Self-check: if you choose the wrong type of nursing quantitative research article for your paper (the one that you will be using to write paragraph 2, 3, 4, & 5) the best grade you could make is a 55. Yikes!!! Please make sure that you have selected a nursing quantitative research article that meets the criteria for this assignment and ask for help if you are not sure. Please note: you may be able to use the article that you submitted in Module Two to meet this requirement. EBP Project – Finding The Evidence

· Step Five: Collecting More Evidence (Do the research)

· Find a resource published within the past 5 years that provides you with at least two facts (ex. costs, morbidity, mortality, safety, or other related statistics) for why your clinical problem is important (provide statistics). (The internet is a great place to get this information…just don’t forget to cite this information and add it to your reference page).

· Find a clinical practice guideline at https://www.ahrq.gov/gam/index.html that relates to your question. It must have information that relates to the role of the nurse. Guideline is the most recent version or published within the past five years. (It is true that guidelines are not always updated within 5 years so you will need to discuss this.)

· Find a clinical “how-to” article, a nursing professional practice website, a systematic literature review, a meta-analysis, or a manufacturer’s website published within the past 5 years that relates to your practice question.

· Hint: Did you notice that you will be finding a total of four different sources of information for your PICO question? To re-cap, these four sources are:

· Statistics you are reporting in paragraph one.

· Nursing quantitative research article for paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5.

· Clinical Practice Guideline (paragraph 6)

· A source of your choosing (paragraph 7)

· Step Six: Write up your findings in APA format and submit them to assignment portal by the due date and time listed in your syllabus. Here’s how to write up your findings:

· Start with a UTA CONHI approved cover page.

· Paragraph #1: This is your opening paragraph. Start with an introduction statement. What is your PICO question? Describe why was it important (share the dollars, morbidity / mortality, statistics, safety stats you found with citation)?

· Paragraph #2: What did your nursing quantitative research article add to your knowledge on this topic? Share at least three facts (two must be from the Results or Discussion sections) that you found within the article in this paragraph that is relevant to your PICO question and your practice as a nurse. EBP Project – Finding The Evidence

· Paragraph #3: Define reliability as it is used in your textbook. Critique the reliability of the nursing quantitative research article you used. Go back to what you learned in your article critique about measurement methods and data collection in Module 3 to make sure you are being thorough in your assessment. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of reliability for your measurement instrument / tool. Be specific, so that your instructor, if reading the article, can find them too.

· Paragraph #4: Define validity as it is used in your textbook. Critique the validity of the nursing quantitative research article you used. Go back to what you learned in your article critique about measurement methods, and data collection to make sure you are being thorough in your assessment. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of validity for your measurement instrument / tool. Be specific, so that your instructor, if reading the article, can find them too.

· Paragraph #5: Using the skills you have learned in your critique of a research article, describe two strengths or two weaknesses (or one strength and one weakness) that you found as you read this article. Go back to what you learned in your article critique about sampling methods, measurement methods (ex. questionnaires), and data collection (how did they collect the data to make sure you are being thorough in your assessment. Be specific, so that your instructor, if reading the article, can find them too. Do not re-state the limitations provided by the authors of your study unless they have to do with the study’s sampling, measurement methods, or data collection. Do not discuss the descriptive or inferential statistics used by the authors as a strength or weakness of the study, as this is not related to with the study’s sampling, measurement methods, or data collection.

· Paragraph #6: What is the name and website of the clinical practice guideline that you found? Share at least three facts that you found within the guideline that is relevant to the PICO question and your practice as a BSN nurse and cite the guideline appropriately. EBP Project – Finding The Evidence

· Paragraph #7: Identify the fourth resource you found (clinical “how-to” article, a nursing professional practice website, a systematic literature review, a meta-analysis, or a manufacturer’s website) that relates to your practice question. Share at least three facts that you found within this source that is relevant to the PICO question and your practice as a nurse, and cite appropriately.

· Paragraph #8 (and #9 if needed): re-state your PICO question and briefly summarize what you have learned through your search. What would you recommend, if anything, as a change in practice for nurses? Why? Remember, this is your closing paragraph(s). EBP Project – Finding The Evidence

· Note to students about writing up your findings:

· This is a formal APA paper. Look at the Rubric for more APA information for this paper.

· Don’t forget to use your APA resources that were reviewed in Module Two!

· Don’t forget to use the Module Four discussion board for additional questions about your paper.

· Turn your paper (as a word document) and article (in pdf format) that you used for paragraphs 2, 3, 4, & 5 in to the assignment submission link in Module Four at the due date and time listed in your syllabus.

· Possible points for this assignment: 100 points

Module 4: Evidence Based Practice Project: Finding the Evidence