Effectiveness of Database Search for PICOT

Effectiveness of Database Search for PICOT

Juliet Anyanwu RE: Discussion – Week 4
Healthcare professionals use PICOT questions to clear clinical issues in a way that assists to efficiently and quickly find the right information to answer the clinical question (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).  The purpose of the PICOT question is to direct the systematic search of healthcare databases to find the best available evidence to answer the question (Melnyk & Fine-out-Overholt, 2018). Understanding how to appropriately formulate a clinical question in PICOT format and using it systematically in your search is vital to efficiently begin the EBP process (Melnyk & Fine-out-Overholt, 2018). Systematically formulating a clinical question makes it possible to find an answer faster and proficiently, leading to enhanced methods and patient outcomes (Stillwell et al., 2010).
Question– In geriatric inpatients, does hand hygiene using soap and water compared to the use of hand sanitizers help in lessening the occurrences of Hospital Acquired Infection within three months?
PICOT Question
In geriatric inpatients (P), does hand hygiene using soap and water (I) compared to the use of hand sanitizers(C), help in lessening of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAIs) incidences (O) within three months (T)?
Search Terms used
The search terms used were: Hand Hygiene, hand washing, Hospital-acquired infections, inpatient geriatrics, and hand sanitizers.
Database used
The two databases used were CINAHL Plus with Full Text and MEDLINE with Full Text.
Search Results
CINAHL Plus with Full Text produced 120 results, while MEDLINE with Full Text, which had 80 (Walden University Library, n.d. – a). These presented both original research articles and systematic reviews. The search was restricted to articles within five years. Also, to conduct the search, the article towards the research question was used. It was all related to hand hygiene, hand washing, hand sanitizers, and hospital-acquired infections management. Two articles were from original research.
Addition of Boolean Operator
Adding the search terms using the Boolean operators changed my search significantly. The amounts of records returned were remarkably decreased and increased on the articles available based on their significance to my study. It expedited the accomplishment of more detailed results and helped save time as the results became more suitable for my desires. It also gets rid of unsuitable articles. Boolean operators and nesting help one search for combinations of words or phrases processed in a particular order (Library of Congress, n.d.).
Strategies to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search and example
The strategies I will make to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search for my PICOT question include: Using Boolean operators. The use of Boolean operators helps facilitates, confines the search to the most relevant results, and is more focused. I will also limit the search to a particular year range. Limiting the year range, this helps in returning current searches and also uses more than one database for my search, because everyone may have more articles. I will seek the help of a Librarian to assist me in the preliminary inquiry. Another strategy is using parentheses. The use of Parentheses will help me get the search I want.
References
Library of Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help-Boolean Operator and nesting. Retrieved September 22, 2020, from https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice, step by step: asking the clinical question: a key step in evidence-based practice. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 110(3), 58-61.
Walden University Library (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z. Retrieved September 22, 2020, from    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981
Angel Brockington-Hall RE: Discussion – Week 4: Main PostCOLLAPSE
After reviewing the five types of foreground questions, it was determined that a meaning question would be the most suitable approach for posing a question using PICOT. According to Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2018), meaning questions explore the relationship between an experience and an outcome, the extent or range of a rare occurrence, or “the influence of culture on healthcare” (p. 39).
PICOT Component
Description
Patient population
Sexual assault survivors
Intervention/issue of interest
Ongoing treatment and support/cultivating community support culture
Comparison intervention/issue of interest
Challenging traditional beliefs and attitudes with awareness and education
Outcome
Increased rates of reporting and support networks
Time
Post-assault through three months

PICOT Question

What is the quality of life (O) for sexual assault survivors (P) who report the incident and receive treatment and ongoing community support (I) within the first three months (T), compared to their counterparts who choose not to report (C) their lived experience?

Search Terms Used and Databases Used for PICOT Question

The search terms used included sexual assault victims or sexual assault survivors, rape and quality of life, community support, and treatment, contributing factors, reporting sexual assault, sexual assault, coping behavior, and trauma.  Boolean operators and nesting were applied to “search for combinations of words or phrases processed in a specified order” (Library of Congress, n.d.), and expanders such as “apply related words” and “search with the full text of the articles” were applied to refine results.
CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text, APA PsycINFO, and APA PsycArticles were databases used to research the PICOT question.  The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes articles available in the APA PsycArticles and APA PsycINFO databases.  According to Walden University Library (n.d.), both databases are “a definitive source of full text, peer-reviewed scholarly and scientific articles in psychology” (para. 1). CINHAL Plus, with full text, offers “a robust collection of full-text nursing and allied health journals” (Walden University Library, n.d., para. 1).  It provides and permits access to nearly 800 journals indexed in the original CINAHL database. According to Walden University Library (n.d.), “CINAHL Plus with Full Text is the core research tool for all areas of nursing and allied health literature” (para. 1).
Similarly, Medline with Full text presents “the authoritative medical information” on various health professions, including nursing. Nearly 1,500 journals are indexed in MEDLINE, which offers full text (Walden University Library, n.d., para. 1).

Search Results and Changes Noted with Boolean Operators 

Walden University’s Library “Database search skills: Set up your search” option encourages the use of one term when searching databases to return the best and broadest results.  Entering a single word can be used to determine whether the precise term aligns with “scholarly works” (Walden University Library, Database search skills: Set up your search, n.d.-b.). Applying this recommendation produced over 20,000 articles.  Limiters such as peer-reviewed scholarly journals and a publication date no older than 2015 were used, resulting in the following results:

1. MEDLINE with Full Text (151)
2. CINAHL Plus with Full Text (120)
3. APA PsycArticles (35)
4. APA PsycInfo (6)

Without the Boolean search operators and, or, and not, a search for sexual assault survivors returned a total of 1,039 results. The number of original research articles returned within the APA PsycINFO database was five out of six, proving a high probability of finding trustworthy, scholarly, current, and original research applied to the PICOT question.  When the Boolean search operator AND was used to include reporting sexual assault, collectively, all four databases were reduced to five total search results.  Search results increased exponentially, when an additional field of the Boolean operator OR was employed.  In the second field of the database search, the terms beliefs or perceptions or views or attitudes were added. Including the Boolean connector OR, produced greater than 400,125 results.  However, the articles resulting from adding OR produced fewer articles germane to the PICOT question.

Strategies to Increase Rigor and Effectiveness of Database Search for PICOT

Some strategies could be applied to databases that make searching a PICOT question more efficient and rigorous. These strategies include:

• Ensuring databases are reliable and produce trustworthy content rooted in scholarly work.
• Apply best practices in the methodological review of data.
• Utilize a combination of sources to establish evidence
• Organize citations and search strategies (Hartzell & Fineout-Overholt, 2018, p. 57).
• Solicit help from the librarian when needed.
• Select articles most germane to the PICOT question (Hartzell & Fineout-Overholt, 2018, p. 57).

According to Hartzell and Fineout-Overholt (2018), the above represent “basic and advanced behaviors that clinicians would use to competently search bibliographic databases such as the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and MEDLINE” (p. 56).  Searching databases that have relevancy to a PICOT question facilitates the evidence searching and gleaning process.  Boolean operators serve as “connectors” which can be used to expand (using OR) or narrow (using AND) searches.
Overall, there are standard competencies expected of advanced practice clinicians, and there are various resources available to facilitate and promote honing these critical skills.
References
Hartzell, T. A. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018).  Chapter 3: Finding relevant evidence to answer clinical questions. In B. M. Melnyk, B. M., & E. Fineout-Overholt (Eds.), Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (pp. 607-653). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Library of Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help – Boolean operators and nesting. https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in
           nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA:
Wolters Kluwer.
Walden University Library. (n.d.-a).  Databases A-Z: Nursing. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981
Walden University Library. (n.d.-b). Database search skills: Set up your search. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/databasesearchskills/setupyoursearch
3SOURCES FOR EACH DISCUSSION

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

SCORE A+ WITH HELP FROM OUR PROFESSIONAL WRITERS: ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT

We will process your orders through multiple stages and checks to ensure that what we are delivering to you, in the end, is something that is precise as you envisioned it. All of our essay writing service products are 100% original, ensuring that there is no plagiarism in them. The sources are well-researched and cited so it is interesting. Our goal is to help as many students as possible with their assignments, i.e. our prices are affordable and services premium.

• Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

• Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

• APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with the APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

• Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage over-utilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

• LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score. Effectiveness of Database Search for PICOT

• Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is a 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading. Effectiveness of Database Search for PICOT

• Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

• Guarantee

  

• Zero Plagiarism
• On-time delivery
• A-Grade Papers
• Free Revision
• 24/7 Support
• 100% Confidentiality
• Professional Writers

• Services Offered

• Custom paper writing
• Question and answers
• Essay paper writing
• Editing and proofreading
• Plagiarism removal services
• Multiple answer questions

We will process your orders through multiple stages and checks to ensure that what we are delivering to you, in the end, is something that is precise as you envisioned it. All of our essay writing service products are 100% original, ensuring that there is no plagiarism in them. The sources are well-researched and cited so it is interesting. Our goal is to help as many students as possible with their assignments, i.e. our prices are affordable and services premium. Effectiveness of Database Search for PICOT

Looking for a Similar Assignment? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper