Introduction

Epidemiology can be defined simply as a science that addresses patterns, frequency and causes of disease in specific population groups. Epidemiology reports help us understand the interrelationship between host (any organism that can be infected by a pathogen), agent (organisms that result in the occurrence of a disease), and the environment in which a disease occurred. The two types of epidemiological reports you may be most familiar with are morbidity and mortality rates. Morbidity rates refer to the frequency of a disease occurrence among a defined population and mortality rates tell us how often death has occurred among a particular population group in relation to a specific disease during a specified time period. Community/public health nurses use this information to identify key health concerns among a population of interest.

Epidemiology concepts are used to improve the health of population groups. Nurses working in community settings are often called upon to help with the investigation of a disease outbreak, sometimes called “epidemiological events”. Food borne illness, water contamination, or a disease outbreak of lice in an elementary school are all examples of epidemiological events, where the nurse may be called upon to gather information and educate the public on how to control the spread of the outbreak or contamination. Learning how your community or your state health department shares information about disease outbreaks will help you to be better informed on how to educate families and population groups on how to reduce their risk of certain diseases.

Module Learning Outcomes 

After completing this module, you will be able to:  

• Understand the development of epidemiology.
• Apply the basic concepts of epidemiology.
• Interpret and apply epidemiologic principles to a selected population group.

Readings and Resources

• Chapter 6: Epidemiology: The Science of Prevention, Chapter 14: Risk of Infectious and Communicable Diseases, and Chapter 15: Emerging Infectious Diseases in DeMarco, R. F., & Healey-Walsh, J. (2020). Community and public health nursing: Evidence for practice. 

Websites:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, November 15). Introduction to epidemiology. 
• State Health Departments. Click on your state, then visit the Health Department in your state.

Learning Activities

• Engage: Module Four: Epidemiology/Describing Health Conditions

You must complete the module acknowledgement before the next module will be available to you.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS – Module Four: Epidemiology/Describing Health Conditions

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• Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

• Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week. Module Four: Epidemiology/Describing Health Conditions

• APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with the APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

• Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage over-utilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

• LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score. Module Four: Epidemiology/Describing Health Conditions

• Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is a 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

• Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours. Module Four: Epidemiology/Describing Health Conditions

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