Falls can cause fractures, hospitalization, loss of independence, and fear of moving. Nurses can significantly reduce fall risk through structured assessment and practical interventions.
Fall Risk Assessment
Assess history of falls, balance, gait, vision, cognition, continence, footwear, and use of assistive devices. Review medications that cause dizziness, sedation, hypotension, or confusion, such as sedatives, antihypertensives, and some antidepressants.
Nursing Interventions
- Keep beds low, brakes locked, and call bells within reach.
- Ensure adequate lighting and remove clutter, loose rugs, and wet floors.
- Encourage appropriate footwear and correct use of walking aids.
- Assist with toileting and mobility during high-risk periods.
- Schedule gradual activity and strength or balance exercises where safe.
- Reassess after medication changes, infections, or acute illness.
Education
Teach older adults and caregivers to rise slowly, ask for help when dizzy, use night lights, and avoid walking in socks on smooth floors.
Fall prevention is most effective when nurses combine individual risk assessment with a safe environment and consistent monitoring.