Overview
1. The following data come from the 2018 ANES, pid14 and warmyou, both recoded into 3 categories. One question asked about party identification. The other asked about the importance of climate change. The results were as follows:
Importance of Climate ChangePartisanshipNot ImportantModerately ImportantVery/Extremely ImportantDemocrat4791287Independent14788176Republican1973749Total391216512
Question 1
1.a. Calculate appropriate percentages and make the resulting table. Justify your choice of row, column, or total percentages, and comment on the relationship. Round to ONE's, i.e., 51, NOT 51.3 or 50.9. DO NOT put in "%" or any extra symbols - just the number.
Importance of Climate ChangePartisanshipNot ImportantModerately ImportantVery/Extremely ImportantDemocratIndependentRepublicanTotal391216512
Question 2
1b. Describe the relationship between partisanship and attitudes about climate change from the table in the preceding question (1.a.).
Question 3
1.c. Suppose a colleague suggests that Age of respondent is a confounding variable. Could it be a confounding variable? Explain how it might be the real cause of the DV.
2. Summary Tables
A scholar will test whether regime type affects performance during a pandemic event. Consider the following dataset showing Regime Type and COVID cases per thousand for a sample of 10 countries:
Country
Regime Type
COVID Cases Per Thousand
Brazil
Democracy
107
Canada
Democracy
54
China
Authoritarian
1
Cuba
Authoritarian
2
Laos
Authoritarian
1
Venezuela
Authoritarian
4
Rwanda
Democracy
2
South Korea
Democracy
3
Switzerland
Democracy
110
Zimbabwe
Authoritarian
8
Question 4
2.a. Which is the IV and which is the DV?
IV:
DV:
Question 5
2.b. IV/DV from previous question: EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER TO THE PRECEDING QUESTION.
Question 6
2.c. What are the measurement types of these variables?
Regime Type:
COVID Cases Per Thousand:
Question 7
2.d. Make an appropriate summary table to examine the relationship between the two variables (You can make a table in the response box below). What does the data say about the relationship between the two variables?
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3. Take a look at the course reserves or Canvas page online. Look at the following article. Which conditions for showing causation are met by the study described in the article, and which are not? Explain
Question 8
3.a.. “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Temporal Ordering?
True
False
Question 9
3.b. “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Correlation. A. TRUE. B. FALSE
Question 10
3.c. “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Causal Mechanism
A. TRUE. B. FALSE
Question 11
3.d. “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Eliminate Confounding Variables
A. TRUE. B. FALSE
Question 12
3.e. “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral Problems”.
Explain why each condition mentioned above is met, or not met in this article.
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4. Take a look at the course reserves or Canvas page online. Look at the following article. Which conditions for showing causation are met by the study described in the article, and which are not? Explain
Question 13
4.a. “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse”
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Temporal Ordering?
A. TRUE. B. FALSE
Question 14
4.b. “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse”
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Correlation
A. TRUE. B. FALSE
Question 15
4.c. “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse”
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Causal Mechanism
A. TRUE. B. FALSE
Question 16
4.d. “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse”
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Eliminate Confounding Variables
A. TRUE. B. FALSE
Question 17
4.e. “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse”.
Explain why each condition mentioned above is met, or not met in this article.
Question 18. NO QUESTION - SKIP
6. A political scientist is conducting a study on whether presidential or parliamentary regimes are more effective, which she defines as passing a higher number of proposals. She works with a university where dormitories have a student government. She uses a coin toss to determine the type of student government each school will have. If she gets a “heads” on a coin toss, the school will use a presidential system. If she gets a “tails”, the school will use a parliamentary system. At the end of the year, she checks the average number of proposals that were passed under presidential and under parliamentary systems. She finds that the average number of proposals passed at schools using a presidential form of government were higher than the average number of proposals passed at schools using a parliamentary form of government.
Question 19
6a. Considering the research design described in item 6, above, what type of study is this?
Question 20
6b. Considering the research design described in item 6, above, does this study have high or low external validity? Explain. Question 21
6c. Considering the research design described in item 6, above, does this study have high or low internal validity? Explain.
Question 22
6d. Considering the research design described in item 6, above, do you think this study has measurement validity? Why or why not?
7. A political scientist is conducting a study on whether presidential or parliamentary regimes are more effective, which she defines as passing a higher number of proposals. She collects data on the number of proposals passed by various countries, some of which are parliamentary systems and some of which are presidential systems. She chooses countries for her study by choosing from a list of all 200 countries. She uses a coin toss to determine from which countries she will collect data. At the end of a year, she checks the average number of proposals that were passed under presidential and under parliamentary systems. She finds that the average number of proposals passed in countries using a presidential form of government was lower than the average number of proposals passed in countries using a parliamentary form of government.
Question 23
7a. Considering the research design described in item 7, above, what type of study is this?
Question 24
7b. Considering the research design described in item 7, above, does this study have high or low external validity? Explain.
Question 25
7c. Considering the research design described in item 7, above, does this study have high or low internal validity? Explain.
Question 26
7d. Considering the research design described in item 7, above, do you think this study has measurement validity? Why or why not?