Overview
he student must post 2 replies of at 250-300 words. In the replies, students must extend the discussion by analyzing and building upon peers’ threads, asking relevant questions as needed. Each reply must incorporate at least 1 scholarly reference in APA format. Any sources cited must have been published within the last five years. Acceptable sources include course texts, other scholarly texts, or peer-reviewed journal articles.
See your manual for when to use italics in journal articles. Also, drop the place of publication in Levers as APA-7 doesn't do that anymore.
Discussion question: Choose one of the trauma contexts described in Levers chapter 5-25 (other than the topic chosen for your PowerPoint Presentation Assignment). Discuss the personal characteristics, preparation, and training that is necessary for a practitioner wanting to counsel trauma victims in this area, while also disclosing your own interest and relevant experience, if appropriate.
Rubric requirements for replies
***All of the key content areas are addressed and properly cited. Length requirement (250–300 words) is met.
***Biblical application (verses/ passages) is integrated into text with relevance clarified.
***The assignment is without spelling and grammar errors. Assignment uses current APA style.
***Meets or exceeds the required number of sources of 1 scholarly reference for each reply post. References meet APA standards.
Please respond to the following 2 students discussion posts, and the one response to my discussion post...
Original Discussion question: Choose three different specific trauma treatment models or approaches discussed in Briere & Scott and Levers that you are particularly interested in. Explain why or when you think they should be used and with what type of client, acknowledging their strengths and potential risks involved.
1. D.M Posted
Trauma Treatment Models
Experiencing trauma can significantly increase a client’s risk of severe mental illness. A trauma therapist must be knowledgeable and trained on the importance of having multiple treatment interventions and modalities in their toolbox. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are my most preferred therapeutic interventions.
Cognitive Processing Therapy
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is a therapeutic modality commonly utilized for clients who have reoccurring traumatic memories that have not resolved over time. The overall goal of CPT is to help the client process reoccurring memories as a means to resolve depression, anxiety, guilt, shame, and flashbacks (Schwartzkopff et al., 2021). CPT has been shown effective in reducing symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression which is a strength. Clients often report CPT as triggering due to its focus on revisiting traumatic memories and flashbacks, which can be retraumatizing for some clients. CPT is best suited for a client who has PTSD, a military veteran, and a client who has experienced sexual trauma while in the military (Levers, 2023).
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
EMDR is an eight-step psychotherapy treatment modality utilized to treat the sequelae of psychological trauma and other negative life experiences (Shapiro, 2014). EMDR is relatively effective as it reduces PTSD, depression, anxiety, traumatic memories, and phobias. EMDR is not effective for clients who have not participated in trauma therapy before. Ideally, EMDR is utilized in behavioral health and substance abuse treatment facilities during individual therapy sessions. These facilities would be most appropriate for using EMDR as the therapist provides initial stabilization before treating trauma.
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is a trauma-based treatment modality utilized to treat children and adolescents. TF-CBT is driven by modifying the thoughts, behaviors, and sensations related to trauma. TF-CBT uses the acronym PRACTICE as a manualized approach. The ideal clients are children and adolescents ages 3 to 18 but can be used with adults. Residential treatment facilities and group homes commonly use TF CBT. TF CBT is proven to decrease intrusive thoughts and symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. TFCBT is time-consuming which is a limitation.
Conclusion
We are all faced with seemingly difficult situations. What the enemy meant for evil, God always finds ways to turn it around for our good (The Holy Bible, 2011, Gen 50:20). God has provided us with tools and interventions that can be utilized to assist us in overcoming trauma. God knows what we need, and he desires to meet us where
References
Schwartzkopff, L., Gutermann, J., Steil, R., & Müller-Engelmann, M. (2021). Which trauma treatment suits me? Identification of patients' treatment preferences for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694038
Levers, L. L. (2023). Trauma counseling: Theories and interventions for managing trauma, stress, crisis, and disaster (2nd ed). Springer Publishing Company.
Shapiro, F. (2014). The role of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in medicine: Addressing the psychological and physical symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences. The Permanente Journal, 18 (1), https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/13-098.Links to an external site.
The Holy Bible. (2011). New International Version. Zondervan Publishing House2.
2. T. M Posted
I have chosen three different trauma models: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT).
EMDR is a therapeutic technique that entails reliving traumatic memories. EDMR stimulation can take several forms, including left-right eye movements, tapping on the knees, headphones, or handheld buzzers known as tappers (Gainer et al., 2020; Briere & Scott, 2015). This procedure attempts to reprocess painful memories while lowering their emotional impact. This treatment can be helpful for clients who have PTSD. Its strength is that therapy focuses on desensitization and reprocessing memories rather than in-depth discussion. One potential concern is that it may not be appropriate for individuals with dissociative disorders without modification.
CPT is a sort of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) that is specifically intended for trauma. It emphasizes recognizing and correcting problematic attitudes and thoughts about the traumatic incident (Levers, 2022). CPT is effective for clients who struggle with opposing ideas about themselves, others, or the world as a result of trauma and self-blame. One advantage of CPT is that it helps clients create healthier ways of thinking about their trauma and themselves. One possible concern is that clients may struggle to address and change firmly held ideas.
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is a highly successful treatment for children and adolescents. It blends cognitive-behavioral approaches and trauma-focused therapies. TF-CBT is suitable for children and adolescents who have been through a variety of traumas, such as abuse, accidents, or natural catastrophes. It also helps caregivers involved in the child's therapy (Tutus et al., 2017). One advantage of TF-CBT is that it is suitable for children and adolescents who have encountered a variety of traumas, such as abuse, accidents, or disasters. It also helps caregivers involved in the child's therapy. One potential concern is that it demands caregiver involvement and dedication, which may only sometimes be possible.
Therapists can include a Christian viewpoint in any of these therapeutic models. Counselors might urge their clients to pray, contemplate on Scripture, and seek God's guidance during the healing process. Clients can be urged to embrace God's presence in their recovery journey. Jeremiah 30:17 says, "For I will restore health unto thee, and I will heal thee of thy wounds, saith the LORD; because they called thee an outcast, saying, This is Zion, whom no man seeketh after" (King James Bible, 1769/2023, Jer 30:17). This verse is a promise of restoration and healing from God to individuals during a time of suffering and pain and encourages individuals to trust in God's promise to bring healing to their wounds, whether they be physical, emotional, or spiritual.
References
Briere, J. & Scott, C. (2015). Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment (2nd ed.). Sage Publications
Gainer, D., Alam, S., Alam, H., & Redding, H. (2020). A flash of hope: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(7-9), 12–20
King James Bible. (2023). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.orgLinks to an external site./ (Original work published 1769)
Levers, L. L. (2022). Trauma counseling: Theories and interventions for managing trauma, stress, crisis and disaster. Springer Publishing Company
Tutus, D., Keller, F., Sachser, C., Pfeiffer, E., & Goldbeck, L. (2017). Change in parental depressive symptoms in trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 27(2), 200-205. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2016.0136