Overview
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Formalism is more Avant-Garde than Realism. Highly stylized film genres like musicals, sci-fi, and fantasy are typically categorized as formalist. While both realists and formalists cover political, religious, philosophical topics, formalism is the the “chosen medium of propagandistic artists.” Realists avoid extreme angles because they involve distortions and they are most concerned with making sure the shot is realistic, clear, and from the perspective of what/how you would see the subject matter if you were there. Most scenes are shot at eye level, 5 to 6 feet from the ground, the average height of a person. Formalist directors aren’t always as concerned with clarity of an object because they are more focused on what will capture the essence of the scene.
Deep focus photography is a long shot with multiple focal distance; and all distances are in focus. It includes objects in the close, medium, and long ranges so deep focus photography uses a wide angle sense to capture everything. The lighting is intricate to be able to capture the “depth” of the scene and all ranges. The staging is important to guide the eye to all of the details without loosing focus on the character, who is typically has in the foreground. Typically, the eye travels from the front of the scene (close range) to the back of the scene (long range). One reason a filmmaker might use deep focus photography to give more context to a scene or the story because there is so much visual information, they can really include details that guide the eye and the story.