Overview
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Textbook
Textbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities 2nd ed) Wehmeyer, Brown, Percy, Shogren and Fung (2017). ISBN – 13- 978-1-59857- 602-3; ISBN -10-1-5987-602-X
Week 2 Chapter & Topic
Chapter 9 - Introduction to Early
Development: A Multidisciplinary
Perspective
Chapter 10 – Introduction to
Genetics, Genomics, Epigenetics,
and Intellectual and
Developmental Disabilities
Chapter 12 – Brain Plasticity
Week 2 Initial Discussion Instructions
Class, there was a lot of information that you had for this week concerning growth and development, father's contribution to birth defects, as well as research and how all of it fits into disabilities. It is important for individuals who are in professions that help people to know what is valid and what is not when it comes to the topic for this week.
Please, discuss what you have learned about the material presented that you didn't know beforehand. Give examples (not personal and no names, please) of the concepts that you are discussing. Add how you see research benefiting individuals who have disabilities.
This should be at least 500 words and include all of the material as well as the textbook chapter for this week. Be sure to cite with APA - read the example.
Week 2 Audio Transcript
Good morning class, and welcome to week two of Psychosocial aspects of
Disabilities. Uh, by now you should know that, uh, you have to read
everything in order to find out how the, uh, classes run, um, and, uh, uh, you
have to read that.
Uh, example, uh, most of you have done pretty well. You just have to kind of
tweak what's going on. I usually drop. I don't usually drop. I do drop the, uh,
uh, lowest grade at the end of the, uh, term, uh, and that usually is the first
week because people are learning. Uh, if you have problems other than what I
can help you with, please contact the writing center or the learning center.
Your fees pay for this, and they're there for online students as well. Um.
Please also read the email that I sent out to uh everybody in every class. Uh,
it's important for you to know what plagiarism is, and it's important for
you to know that, um, these learning systems are, are pretty intuitive, uh,
and they also are set up that anytime somebody goes online, they, uh, date
and time stamp, uh, that, um, transaction. Uh, so some of my students
have in the past not realized that if they don't access, uh, the material and
then they do a discussion because they've, you know, actually picked up,
uh, what other students have written, that that is, uh, plagiarism, and they
can be, um, uh, taken from school, dropped from my class, and so forth.
All that's in that email. So this week two, we're looking at.
Uh, several things. We're looking at research. When it comes to research,
which has really gained, uh, a lot of steam over the last 50, 60 years, uh,
before that, we were just kind of going by the seat of our pants when it comes.
came to treatment and you read about how people with disabilities are pretty
much
uh not really considered uh needing to have uh a quality of life, and they
were treated in sometimes pretty bad. So, research has come about and of
course, technology has helped with that and uh for those of you who have taken
uh research, then you know that it has to be replicated, it has to be uh good
research, it has to go by standards of research. Uh, so we're looking at, uh,
topics, and those aren't fads. There's something that we're going to have a
control group and we're gonna have the, the treatment group, and we're gonna
see if these things have a, um, significant, uh, conclusion. Uh, we
don't say proof because there's no such thing as proof. It is, uh, what is
called significant. Um, and so part of that has to do with, uh, looking at the
methodology of research, the size of the population, what might be some
outliers or what might be some variables that, uh, weren't controlled
for, um, such as, um, Environment, uh, one person's environment versus another
person's environment, age, uh, you know, even um the um gender of somebody, not
gender because that's a psychosocial, um, uh, but the sex of somebody, uh,
male, female, that kind of thing.
So in order to have good practices and treatments, we have to have good
research. The other thing is, when we're looking at the development, what
are we looking at when it comes to different types of disabilities? Some
disabilities, as I have stated, come from, uh, genetics, uh, chromosomes,
and others come from the environment. Some are uh part of the person, such as
uh Ty Sachs, which is a uh inherited disease, uh, uh, Huntington's chorea,
uh, some say schizophrenia, that the jury is still out on that one. Um, and
then some are acquired, such as maybe, uh, uh, the, um, I, I brought up the
thalidomide, uh, effect, and also, uh, when we're looking at, uh, falls, TBI,
traumatic brain injuries. So, there's a plethora of reasons why somebody might
have a disability. When we're looking at disabilities that might be genetic
or uh such as Ty sacks, uh, they might occur. At time of birth. Those
disabilities might not, uh, uh, Show up until the child's 2 or 3 years old, but
then we have disabilities that don't show up, such as Huntington's career
was genetic, until somebody might be in their 30s, 40s, 50s, or 60s. The other
thing is Parkinson's disease. That doesn't come up until somebody is
usually, uh, Michael, um, I can't remember his last name, uh, he's an
exception. Uh, usually we're looking at people who are older.
So there are different reasons why in different uh along that um life cycle,
there are different times when a disability can be, uh, all of a sudden,
uh, accountable, such as schizophrenia, it doesn't really show up until
somebody might be, Uh, 1819, 17, uh, and that's one of the reasons is that
our prefrontal lobe or that cortex doesn't fully develop until we're about
25 years old. Uh, so we, you know, we're still in the process of
developing, we're still in the process of, um, growing and learning. And when
we're looking at learning, we're looking at plasticity. Plasticity is
something else that you're going to learn about. It has to do with the way
the brain is able to make pathways and is able to encode learning. And so, of
course, when you're looking at a newborn baby or uh a young child,
they're going to have a lot of this going on because they're learning a lot,
but plasticity is there until we die, uh, and if we die of old age, it's
still there. Um, so do all the, uh, reading and, uh, uh, material that you
have to do for this week, and, uh, don't forget the deadlines and get
those in, and if you have any questions, please ask. Have a good week.
Week 2 Mini-Lecture
Class, this week you will be looking at development of an individual from time of conception. Some of what are deemed birth defects that lead to disabilities throughout one's life can be traced in most regards to chromosomes, genes, or environment (Wehmeyer et al., 2017). You also will learn about teratogens, which are elements that interfere with the development of the embryo while in utero. Some of these are chemicals, x-rays, alcohol, other substances, hot tubs, and some are just not known (Wehmeyer, et al, 2017).
During the 60's a tranquilizer known as Thalidomide was given to pregnant women with a horrendous outcome some of which were children being born without arms and/or legs (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21507989/ ). Also, not well-known during this time was alcohol use and the effects that it had on the growing fetus. Newer research also concentrates on what the father brings to conception and potential disorders (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6240539/).
Another concept has to do with plasticity, which is how the brain grows and adapts to change (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557811/). Decades ago, the idea that the brain was able to change was thought to be limited to earl development and the young (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899325002021). However, during the last several decades, through research, it has been found that plasticity is on-going throughout the lifespan. This newer idea that is continually studied now has brought hope for those who have had traumatic brain injury (TBI) for instance or other injuries to the brain such as seen with stroke, birth defects, etc. The brains ability to change pathways and continue learning is remarkable especially for those who have disabilities some of which occur early in life and others that occur at other times.
Research is important when it comes to human services, health care, rehabilitation and many other areas (Koch and Rumrill, 2017). The other part of this week's work has to do with studies as well as on-going research that is able to be replicated so as to diagnose individuals properly who have any type of disability whether it is physical or mental, from birth or acquired. Good data is essential for treatments that have been shown to be valid. In order to have a good quality of life, the research that stands behind diagnoses and treatment plans need to be up-to-date (Koch and Rumrill, 2017). Utilizing fads or other self-help treatments can be injurious as well as costly (https://www.parentingspecialneeds.org/article/fad-treatments-making-good-choices-for-your-child/). As professionals in human services, it is essential that we follow evidence-based criteria for our clients/patients.
Remember too that not everyone with the same type of disability is going to have the same treatment or even be able to utilize treatments and rehab in the same way as others. There are individuals who don't need treatment per say and not all treatments are from the medical model (Koch and Rumrill, 2017). For instance, some treatments may be from food sources such as may be seen with dietary programs. Each individual is unique when it comes to not only the diagnosis but how they deal with it and what is the best treatment for what they have.
Please, be sure to incorporate all that is under Content when writing the discussion for this week. The example is the template you should be using for writing discussions.
Please DO NOT USE Koch & Rumrill as your reference unless you have read that book.
Dr. G.
References
Koch, L. C., & Rumrill, Jr. (2017). Rehabilitation counseling and emerging disabilities: Medical, psychosocial,
intellectual & developmental disabilities (second edition). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Wehmeyer, M. L., Brown, I., Percy, M., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, W. L. A. (2017). A comprehensive guide to
intellectual & developmental disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Video 1
Can the father's genes be transmitted to the fetus if sperm is present during pregnancy?
Video 2
Neuroplasticity and learning explained
Video 3
What is research?
Requirements: At Least 500 Word Initial Discussion Times New Roman Size 12 Font Double-Spaced APA Format Excluding the Title and Reference Pages | .doc file
Please provide an answer that is 100% original and do not copy the answer to this question from any other website since I am already well aware of this. I will be sure to check this.
Please be sure that the answer comes up with way less than 18% on Studypool's internal plagiarism checker since anything above this is not acceptable according to Studypool's standards. I will not accept answers that are above this standard.
No AI or Chatbot! I will be sure to check this.
Please be sure to carefully follow the instructions.
No plagiarism & No Course Hero & No Chegg. The assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
Please be sure to include in-text citations where necessary.