Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Cell Signaling

Overview

Based on the videos you watched in the third lecture, please answer the following questions. Use complete sentences and answer in detail. Please submit your answers as a word doc. Just copy and paste the numbered questions into a Word document and then write the answers below the corresponding questions. Make sure you include your name, date, and sections of BI101 in which you are enrolled on your assignment. Please remember to use your own words, don’t just cut and paste. Each question is worth 5 points, for a total of 50 points.

1. The first video, “Why are you alive,” Why Are You Alive - Life, Energy & ATPLinks to an external site. describes living cells as inherently exciting. What are some of the cell properties the video cites as making them exciting? What wants to make the cell “boring and dead”? What are some specific ways the cell keeps this from happening?

1. In the same video, Why Are You Alive - Life, Energy & ATPLinks to an external site. what molecule did early cells make/discover that allowed them to store energy and continue living? What type of energy was converted and stored in the ATP molecule, where did it come from, and what types of cells first utilized this process? What happened in the video the first time cell ate another cell and didn’t kill it? How was this beneficial to both cells?

1. In the second video, Professor Dave’s “Cellular Respiration Part I: Glycolysis,” Cellular Respiration Part 1: GlycolysisLinks to an external site.Dave refers uses an analogy that describes biological organisms as being like machines. What specific mechanical device does he compare cells to and in what way is our cells like this device? As he describes glycolysis, how many enzymes are used? How many and what type of molecules are used in the preparatory phase? How many and what types of molecules are produced in the payoff phase?

1. In the fourth video, Professor Dave’s “Cellular Respiration Part II: Citric Acid Cycle,” Cellular Respiration Part 2: The Citric Acid CycleLinks to an external site. The describes two different types of pathways used to create ATP. What pathway was used by the first, most primitive cells? What additional metabolic pathways were necessary to obtain energy for the evolution of higher organisms like us? What development made aerobic respiration possible? In what organelle does aerobic respiration take place? During the citric acid cycle, how many enzymes are used, what are the net products, and what molecule from glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA?

1. In the sixth video, Professor Dave’s “Cellular Respiration Part III Oxidative Phosphorylation,” Cellular Respiration Part 3: The electron Transport Chain and Oxidative PhosphorylationLinks to an external site. what other molecules can be used as fuel if glucose is not present? Name the three categories of food molecules that he mentions in the video, including the molecules each is initially broken into, what each of these secondary molecules is then transformed into, and the stage of cellular respiration they then enter.

1. According to the eighth video, Professor Dave’s “Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation,” Anaerobic Respiration and FermentationLinks to an external site. what are the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? What does the video indicate is different between human cells and bacteria regarding anaerobic respiration? Where are these bacteria found and what particular odor is associated with them? Which type of organism does the video indicate first oxygenated the planet, allowing for aerobic pathways to develop?

1. In the same video, Anaerobic Respiration and FermentationLinks to an external site. what similarities and differences are described between aerobic respiration and fermentation? What are the two major types of fermentation shown in the video, how are they similar/different, and what types of cells use each? What are some of the major by-products of each of these two types of fermentation? How do humans use these two types of fermentation in food production? Are there any downsides for cells when using anaerobic respiration or fermentation?

1. In the ninth video, Bozeman Science’s “Photosynthesis,” PhotosynthesisLinks to an external site. what two things does the narrator indicate photosynthesis gives him? He then talks about a process called chromatography. What different pigments are found on the chromatography strip? What wavelengths of light do they absorb and what don’t they absorb? How are these different pigments used in photosynthesis? In the initial chemical equation, what are the two reactants, and what structures allow them to enter the plant?

1. In the same video, PhotosynthesisLinks to an external site. what two stages of photosynthesis are described? What are the reactants and products of each stage? Describe in detail what happens in each stage, indicating where the stage occurs, the structures used, and the reactions taking place. (PLEASE NOTE: This question will require probably at least two paragraphs just to describe the two stages of photosynthesis. You will be graded on the thoroughness of your answers)

1. In the eleventh video, Osmosis.org’s “Common Cell Signaling Pathway,” Common cell signaling pathwayLinks to an external site. in what ways are the signals classified by distance (name the types of pathways and tell how they work)? The video describes two types of signaling molecules. What are these two types, how are they structurally different, and how does each one work? What are the three stages of the cell’s signaling pathway and what occurs in each stage