Description
Part One (in 550 words or more)
(1) After viewing my PPT 7 on principalism, explain in detail and in your own words, the following terms: the 2 parts of beneficence, autonomy, the formal and proportional senses of justice, and non-maleficence.
(2) After viewing my PPT 9 on utilitarianism, explain in detail and in your own words the following concepts: hedonism, the principle of utility, act utilitarianism, ethical egoism, and rule utilitarianism.
(3) After viewing my PPT 10 on deontology, explain in detail in your own words what Kant calls a maxim, a hypothetical imperative and the two versions of his categorical imperative. Does harm have anything to do with an action being wrong for Kant? (why or why not?)
(4) After viewing my PPT 11 on Natural Law Theory, answer the following question in your own words: how is a "natural law of nature" different from a "natural law in ethics"? How does a person discover what the natural tendencies and functions are for humans? Given the central thesis of Natural Law Theory, what would Aquinas say about the ethical status of non-vaginal sex and why? What would Aquinas say about the ethical status of IVF and birth control pills?
Part Two (in 500 words or more)
(1) What ethical stance would an act utilitarian take on lying to a pt about the pt's terminal case of colon cancer? What ethical stance would a rule utilitarian take on lying to a pt about the pt's cancer? What ethical stance would a deontologist like Kant take on lying to a pt about the pt's cancer?
(2) Consider an ectopic pregnancy and two options to deal with it: either perform a partial salpingectomy on the portion of the fallopian tube in where the embryo is implanted or perform a salpingostomy. The following is a description of 2 procedures that can be used to respond to ectopic pregnancies. All you need to know is contained in these descriptions.
A partial salpingectomy (sometimes called a segmental resection) is when the surgeon removes a segment from the middle of a fallopian tube that contains the ectopic pregnancy. The beginning and ends of the tube are left intact. Salpingectomy is different from salpingostomy. Salpingostomy is the creation of an incision in the fallopian tube. The surgeon makes the incision in the fallopian tube to remove its contents, viz., the embryo. As you know, the fallopian tubes are part of the path where the embryo begins its life journey, but in ectopic pregnancies, the embryo gets stuck here and starts growing. An ectopic pregnancy occurs in about 1 in 60 pregnancies. Most ectopic pregnancies occur in women 35 to 44 years of age.
Use the double effect principle to determine what the natural law theorist would say about the rightness/wrongness of these two medical options. Which of these two, if either, would the natural law theorist approve of? Make sure you explain your answers. (The concern here is not about reproduction becoming pregnant again.)
(3) Provide a situation where a cultural practice is in conflict with one or more of the four principles from principalism and provide justification why you think the principle(s) that you identified wins out over this cultural practice.
(4) Provide a situation where you explain how two of the four ethical principles come into conflict with each other and then justify which of the two principles you think should be chosen over the other one.