Overview
Question 1 (Part 1)
Discuss the various types of sources of radiation that you are or may be exposed to on a daily basis in the workplace. If you do not think you are exposed, discuss potential exposures in other workplaces. Make sure to involve topics such as the types of exposures, noticeable shielding, and other protective devices, including PPE and various sources (i.e., x-ray machines, laboratory equipment with radioactive sources, non-destructive equipment, lasers, microwaves, etc.). Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.
Question 1 (Part 2)
Instructions
Radiation Safety Report The executives at Acme Manufacturing Co. were impressed by your first report, and they have asked you and BSCI to return for more work. BSCI has been contracted by Acme Manufacturing Co. to conduct a study to determine employee exposures to radiation. In addition, your company has been contracted to determine the effectiveness of engineering controls, including shielding. After conducting a field assessment, prepare a written report for Bob Sanders (CSP) to present to the Board of Directors. During your field investigation, you find the following field observations: Test Equipment and Repair Facility The company has an on-site test equipment and repair facility. Much of the test equipment contains a radiation source. Normal practice inside the facility is to limit the time of exposure of employees working on this equipment as a method of control. However, the company is looking at the possibility of installing lead shields or increasing the distance from the source, thus increasing employee time working on equipment. Based on the following information determine the employee’s exposure:
| Location | Employee | Distance (Initial) | Distance (Proposed) | Intensity (Initial) | Intensity at proposed distance |
| Bench #3 | Rita Ray D'Ashun | 0.5 ft. | 2 ft. | 110 mrem/h | Unknown |
| Bench #5 | Robert Long | 1 ft. | 3 ft. | 137 mrem/h | Unknown |
| Bench #6 | Paul Row | 0.75 ft. | 1.5 ft. | 102 mrem/h | Unknown |
Based on this information, determine the employee’s actual exposure rate to the radiation source. Show your work (either in the report or as an appendix). The second option under consideration is to install lead shields in order to reduce the employee’s dose rate. Using the information provided in the table above, determine the intensity at the same distances listed above if a 5 cm lead shield was placed between the source and the detector. [µ for lead, (662 keV gamma ray) = 1.23 cm-¹] Radar Testing Facility As part of your assessment, you have been asked to evaluate the estimated power density levels for both near and far fields. When there is no gain listed in the problem, always defer to a gain of 10. Recall that 1 watt = 1,000,000 µW(microwatts). You have conducted your assessment and measurements with the following data:
| Location | Diameter (cm) | Antenna Power (watts) | Distance (r) from Antenna (cm) | Power Density (Near Field) (µW/cm²) | Power Density (Far Field) (µW/cm²) |
| Radar Unit #1 | 48 in | 50,000 | 150 ft. | ||
| Radar Unit #2 | 26 cm | 110,000 | 150 ft. |
Laser Laboratory Acme Manufacturing is currently considering constructing a laser laboratory, which will contain Class III, IIIA, and IIIB lasers. Identify the safety control measures that the client must consider before proceeding to the design phase of the project. Respond to the details in each section, and format your report in APA style. Include at least each of the following in your report for this unit:
- Introduction-briefly describe why the studies were performed (why you started the study).
- Report details-briefly discuss the details of the scenario (what you found from the study).
- Conclusions and recommendations-briefly describe your recommendations based on your findings (what you recommend to resolve any deficiencies).
- Appendix-Measurements and calculations (show your work).
- At least one page (double-spaced) in length (not including the reference page and appendices).
Prepare your report in a word-processing application (i.e., Word) using APA formatting for all references and in-text citations.
Question 2 (Part 1)
Everyone has known someone (e.g., a relative, a co-worker, or maybe even yourself), who has experienced some level of significant hearing loss, either as a result of birth, aging, or work place exposures. Discuss the significant impacts that you know or believe to have on that person's life, including the impacts to family members. Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.
Question 2 (Part 2)
Instructions
Hazardous Noises Report After receiving good remarks from your previous work, you hear that Acme Manufacturing Co. has asked you and BSCI to return for some additional work. BSCI has been contracted by Acme Manufacturing Co. to conduct a study to determine employee exposures to noise. In addition, Acme Manufacturing Co. has requested that, while on site, you conduct a needs analysis to determine the development of a new safety training program, exhibiting training and management techniques. Explain your methodology and the steps in conducting this needs analysis. After conducting a field assessment, prepare a written report for Bob Sanders (CSP) to present to the Board of Directors. During your field investigation, you find the following field observations: Machine Shop #1 The company has an on-site maintenance and repair facility. Inside Machine Shop #1, there are five employees that operate a variety of machines, ranging from stationary and portable grinders, drill presses, and metal shearers. Based on the information provided in the following table, determine the individual employee’s exposure: (DO NOT COMBINE NOISE LEVELS)
| Location | Employee | Sample #1 | Sample Time #1 | Sample #2 | Sample Time #2 | Sample #3 | Sample Time #3 |
| Stationary Grinding Wheel | Robert Jones | 82 dBA | 90 min | 91 dBA | 125 min | 83 dBA | 265 min |
| Drill Press #4 | Clara Tucker | 89 dBA | 135 min | 79 dBA | 249 min | 81 dBA | 96 min |
| Metal Shear #2 | Rick Starnes | 75 dBA | 283 min | 94 dBA | 39 min | 84 dBA | 158 min |
| Metal Shear #3 | Jennie Gump | 83 dBA | 114 min | 73 dBA | 239 min | 95 dBA | 127 min |
| Bench Press #7 | Bernie Edwards | 73 dBA | 203 min | 79 dBA | 172 min | 83 dBA | 105 min |
Carpentry Shop #2 Inside Carpentry Shop #2, there are six machines operating almost continuously, including table saws, planers, exhaust systems, jointers, with 10 employees working in this area. To determine whether this table should be designated as a hazardous noise environment, thus requiring employees to be entered into the hearing conservation program, you must calculate combined exposures and treat the entire area as one noise source. The following table indicates the recorded measurements that you collected during your on-site assessment. Does the data from this table indicate a hazardous noise environment, and do you recommend entering employees into a hearing conservation program?
| Machine | Noise Level (dBA) |
| Table Saw #3 | 92 dBA |
| Jointer #4 | 87 dBA |
| Table Saw #5 | 90 dBA |
| Exhaust Ventilation System | 80 dBA |
| Planer #2 | 84 dBA |
| Drill Press #1 | 79 dBA |
Electronic Communication Repair Shop Acme Manufacturing is currently considering remodeling this shop in order to install a new noise absorbing wall and floor insulation. They have asked that you review the previous history of noise level exposures in this area and provide your recommendations. However, this data is given in measurements of N/m², but the Project Engineer is requesting the information in W/m². Given the following data, convert N/m² to W/m² and include it in your report:
| Date | Location | SPL (N/m²) |
| 4/12/10 | East Wall | 0.0683 N/m² |
| 4/12/10 | West Wall | 0.0742 N/m² |
| 4/12/10 | South Wall | 0.0813 N/m² |
| 4/12/10 | North Wall | 0.0699 N/m² |
Respond to the details in each section, and format your report in APA style. Include at least each of the following in your report for this unit:
- Introduction-briefly describe why the studies were performed (why you started the study).
- Report details-briefly discuss the details of the scenario (what you found from the study).
- Conclusions and recommendations-briefly describe your recommendations based on your findings (what you recommend to resolve any deficiencies).
- Appendix-Measurements and calculations (show your work).
- At least one page (double-spaced) in length (not including the reference page and appendices).
Prepare your report in a word-processing application (i.e., Word) using APA formatting for all references and in-text citations.