Overview
Use the following readings to answer this question: Jennifer Manoukian, “Cultural Nationalism and the Spread of a ‘National Language’ among Arabophone, Turcophone and Kurdophone Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1840 to c. 1860,” Middle Eastern Studies59, no. 3 (2023): 359–76.
and
Benjamin Braude, “Foundation Myths of the Millet System” in Christians and Jews in the Ottoman empire: the functioning of a plural society, Vol.1: The Central lands eds. Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis (London 1982), 69-88
According to the historian Jennifer Manoukian, how was Ottoman Armenian identity conceptualized before the nineteenth century, and how did that change in the nineteenth century? What does the term “millet” refer to on pages 362-364? Does it cohere with Braude’s discussion of the “millet” system?