Overview
"No patents are measures that discourage research and development, and all patents are regulations that protect intellectual property. Thus, no measures that discourage research and development are regulations that protect intellectual property."
1) Isolate the form of the argument using the following letters.
P = patents
M = measures that discourage research and development
R = regulations that protect intellectual property
2) Use the counterexample method to prove the argument invalid.
"Some school boards are not groups that oppose values clarification, because some school boards are not organizations with vision, and some groups that oppose values clarification are not organizations with vision."
3) Isolate the form of the argument using the following letters.
S = school boards
G = groups that oppose values clarification
O = organizations with vision.
4) Use the counterexample method to prove the argument invalid.
"No corporate directors are investigators, since all auditors are investigators and no auditors are corporate directors."
5) Isolate the form of the argument using the following letters:
C = corporate directors
I = investigators
A = auditors
6) Use the counterexample method to prove the argument invalid.