3200 ASSESS 4

Write a 2–3 page paper that examines the moral and ethical considerations of organ conscription policies and theories.

Scarcity of Medical Resources

For this assessment, you will continue your survey of ethical principles in health care. Especially in our contemporary world, where needs for health care outstrip available resources, we regularly face decisions about who should get which resources.

There is a serious shortage of donor organs. Need vastly outstrips supply, due not only to medical advances related to organ transplantation, but also because not enough people consent to be cadaveric donors (an organ donor who has already died). Munson (2014) points out that in the United States, approximately 10,000 patients die each year because an organ donor was not available, which is three times the number of people killed in the terrorist attacks on 9/11.

But what is an efficient and morally sound solution to this problem? The policy of presumed consent, where enacted, has scarcely increased supply, and other alternatives, such as allowing donors to sell their organs, raise strong moral objections. In light of this, some have advocated for a policy of conscription of cadaveric organs (Spital & Erin, 2002). This involves removing organs from the recently deceased without first obtaining consent of the donor or his or her family. Proponents of this policy argue that conscription would not only vastly increase the number of available organs, and hence save many lives, but that it is also more efficient and less costly than policies requiring prior consent. Finally, because with a conscription policy all people would share the burden of providing organs after death and allwould stand to benefit should the need arise, the policy is fair and just.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

• Competency 1: Articulate ethical issues in health care.
  • Articulate the moral concerns surrounding a policy of organ conscription.
  • Articulate questions about the fairness and justness of organ conscription policy.
  • Explain the relevance and significance of the concept of consent as it pertains to organ donation.
  • Evaluate alternative policies for increasing available donor organs.
• Competency 5: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others and is consistent with health care professionals.
  • Exhibit proficiency in clear and effective academic writing skills.

References

Munson, R. (2014). Intervention and reflection: Basic issues in bioethics (concise ed.). Wadsworth.

Spital, A., & Erin, C. (2002). Conscription of cadaveric organs for transplantation: Let's at least talk about it. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 39(3), 611–615.

Instructions

Do you consider the policy of organ conscription to be morally sound?

Write a paper that answers this question, defending that answer with cogent moral reasoning and supporting your view with ethical theories or moral principles you take to be most relevant to the issue. In addition to reviewing the suggested resources, you are encouraged to locate additional resources in the Capella University Library, your public library, or authoritative online sites to provide additional support for your viewpoint. Be sure to weave and cite the resources throughout your work.

In your paper, address the following:

• On what grounds could one argue that consent is not ethically required for conscription of cadaveric organs? And on what grounds could one argue that consent is required?
• Is the policy truly just and fair, as supporters claim? Explain.
• Do you consider one of the alternative policies for increasing available donor organs that Munson discusses to be preferable to conscription? Explain why or why not.

• Submission Requirements

  • Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. Refer to Evidence and APA for guidance.
  • Length: 2–3 typed, double-spaced pages.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
  RESOURCES

• Scarcity of Medical Resources

  Is Health Care a Right?

  With the Affordable Care Act, there are currently costs and benefits to society of making at least some minimum care available to everyone in the country. However, the law does not say that there is a right to health care. And there is no legal right to health care in the United States. Think about:
  • Is there a moral right to health care, in your view? Is it a basic good, like education, that a just society should provide to all its members? Or is it simply a commodity, like a car or cell phone, that you can have only if you can pay for it?
  • Do you believe that there is a political right to health care, one grounded in the political values of the United States, such as justice and equality?

  Scarcity of Medical Resources

  • Munson, R. (2014). Intervention and reflection: Basic issues in bioethics (concise ed.). Wadsworth. Available in the courseroom via the VitalSource Bookshelf link.
    • Chapter 8, "Organ Transplants and Scarce Medical Resources," pages 336–365.
    • Chapter 9, "Distributing Health Care," pages 366–388.
  • Howard, R. J., & Cornell, D. L. (2016). Ethical issues in organ procurement and transplantation. In Clark, P. A. (ed.) Bioethics: Medical, ethical, and legal perspectives. InTech. https://www.intechopen.com/books/bioethics-medical...
    • This resource examines the ethical issues surrounding organ procurement and transplants, especially from the viewpoint of the scarcity of donated organs compared to the demand.
    • 

    • Intervention and Reflection: Basic Issues in Bioethics, Concise Edition

      ISBN: 9798214346250

    • Optional Enrichment

      Ethical Issues: Women, African-Americans, and Medicine

      If you would like to learn more about ethical issues surrounding the challenges and disparities in health care for these populations you may want to read Optional Enrichment: Women, African Americans, and Medicine [DOC] Download Optional Enrichment: Women, African Americans, and Medicine [DOC]for an overview of some of the considerations.For further enrichment, you may wish to explore the following resources:
      • Munson, R. (2014). Intervention and reflection: Basic issues in bioethics (concise ed.). Wadsworth. Available in the courseroom via the VitalSource Bookshelf link.
        • Chapter 10, "Women and Medicine," pages 390–415.
        • Chapter 11, "African Americans and Medicine," pages 416–437.