Overview
please answer all the following questions : ( I will upload all the powerpoint that related to the course subject )
1. The next several questions refer to this hypothesis:
“Citizens with higher education will be more likely to vote than citizens with lower education.”
question 1
1a. In this hypothesis, what is the independent variable?
Question 2
Propose a way to measure the independent variable. What type of level of measurement would this be?
Question 3
1c. In this hypothesis, what is the dependent variable?
question 4
1d. Propose a way to measure the dependent variable. What type of level of measurement would this be?
Explain.THE NEXT SEVERAL QUESTIONS REFER TO THIS HYPOTHESIS:
2. “Countries that are democratic will be less effective at dealing with COVID than countries that are not democratic.”
question 5
2a. In this hypothesis, what is the independent variable?
question 6
2b. Propose a way to measure the independent variable. What type of level of measurement would this be?
questions 7
c. In this hypothesis, what is the dependent variable?
question 8
2d. Propose a way to measure the dependent variable. What type of level of measurement would this be? Explain.
The next several questions refer to the following survey.
I want to find out what the undergraduate student body thinks about starting a Division I football team for UC. Every morning before my 8am class I stand outside RIMAC and I ask everyone who passes by whether or not they support the creation of a football team, and I get 1,100 responses. From this data, I calculate the proportion that support starting a football team. I find that 75% of those surveyed support forming a UC football team.
From this example, answer each of the following questions.
question 9
3a. In the preceding example, what is the population?
question 10
3b. In the preceding example, what is the population parameter?
question 11
3c. In the preceding example, what is the sample statistic?
question 12
3d. In the preceding example, what is the sample size?
question 13
3e. In the preceding example, what is the population size?
question 14
3f. In the preceding example, do you expect that the level of support for creating a Division I football team is representative of the entire campus? Why or why not?
4. In Michael Kagay’s article “A Sample of a Sample,” https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/librar...
question 15
4.a. What are three steps that these pollsters take to ensure that their sample will be representative of the population?
question 16
4.b Even if the pollsters follow all of these steps and assemble a truly random sample, their sample statistics will not necessarily be the same as the true population parameters. Why?
question 17
5. For this problem, do your work on paper, take a picture or scan it, and upload the file.
Given the dataset of Arizona’s 2020 Congressional election results (next page):
a. Calculate the mean, median, standard deviation, and range of the percentage of the two-party votes cast for Democratic candidates. Show your work.
b. Make a histogram BY HAND USING PENCIL/PEN AND PAPER of the percentage of the two-party votes cast for Democratic candidates, again only considering Democrats and Republicans.
c. Make a bar plot of Party of Winner
District Number
Democratic Votes
Republican Votes
Percent of two-party vote cast for Democratic candidates
Party of Winner
1
188,469
176,709
51.6%
Democrat
2
209,945
170,975
55.1%
Democrat
3
174,243
95,594
64.6%
Democrat
4
120,484
278,002
30.2%
Republican
5
183,171
262,414
41.1%
Republican
6
199,644
217,783
47.8%
Republican
7
165,452
50,226
76.7%
Democrat
8
170,816
251,633
40.4%
Republican
9
217,094
135,180
61.6%
Democra
questions 18
5d In a few sentences, describe or interpret each of the two graphs you created.
For the next several questions, you will begin to conduct your own research project. The original instructions from the homework are copied below.
For this part of your assignment, read the Stata manual, chapters 1-3.
Throughout the four homework projects, you will test a hypothesis of your own devising. In this homework assignment, we will ask you to identify the variables you will investigate and to provide some information about them. You will use just one of the datasets that are available for this class. Look over these four (described below) and choose whichever one you find more interesting or appealing for this exercise.
question 19
Which dataset will you use for your project?
a. ANES 2020 b. ANES 1948. c. World Dataset of Countries d. Rockets are cool! e. World Values
questions 20
In one sentence, state the hypothesis that you plan to test using one of the datasets.
question 21
In a short paragraph, provide some justification for the causal mechanism in your hypothesis (in other words, tell us your theory and why you think you’ll be right).
question 22
Identify your independent variable or variables, and give at least two examples of the values that each independent variable might take on. What type of variable is it? Explain.
question 23
Identify your dependent variable, and give at least two examples of the values that it might take on. What type of variable is it? Explain.
question 24
6e. What kinds of bias might there be in the measures of these variables and why (or why not)?