Overview
Cultural explanations
Inglehart, Ronald., and Christian Welzel. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy?: the Human Development Sequence. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005 (e-book), Introduction, Chapters 1 and 2, and Conclusion.
Jan Teorell and Axel Hadenius. 2006. “Democracy without democratic values:A rejoinder to Welzel and Inglehart.” Studies in Comparative International Development 41.3: 95-111.
Alfred Stepan. 2000. “Religion, Democracy, and the ‘Twin Tolerations’.” JOD 11.4: 37-57.
Daniel Philpott. 2007. “Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion.” APSR 101.3: 505-525.
Francis Fukuyama. 1995. “Confucianism and Democracy.” JOD 6.2: 20-33.
Elizabeth H. Prodromou. 2004. “The Ambivalent Orthodox.” JOD 15.2: 62-75.
Bassam Tibi. 2008. “Why They Can’t Be Democratic.” JOD 19.3: 43-48.
M. Steven Fish. 2002. “Islam and Authoritarianism.” JOD 55.1: 4-37.
Marc Tessler. 2002. “Islam and Democracy in the Middle East:The impact of attitudes toward democracy in four Arab countries.” CP 34.3: 337-354.
Ephraim Yuchtman-Ya’ar and Yasmin Akalay. 2010. “Political Attitudes in the Muslim World.” JOD 21.3: 122-134.
Alfred A. Stepan and G. B. Robertson. 2003. “An ‘Arab’ more than ‘Muslim’ electoral gap.” JOD 14.2: 30-44.
Larry Jay Diamond. 2005. “Lessons from Iraq.”JOD 16.1: 9-23.