Overview
Hello classmates,
When we try to reduce problem behavior, it is not enough to only block or punish the behavior. We also need to teach and reinforce another behavior that serves the same purpose. If we do not, the old behavior usually comes back because it was reinforced in the past (Cooper et al., 2020).
For example, consider a child with autism who engages in hand-flapping as a form of sensory stimulation. A reductive procedure, such as response blocking, could stop the behavior for a moment. However, if the child does not learn an alternative way to get the same feeling, the behavior will persist. A better plan is to combine the reductive procedure with reinforcement of a functionally equivalent replacement behavior, such as using a fidget toy or squeezing a stress ball. Each time the child chooses the toy instead of flapping, we give attention or praise. This way, the child still meets the sensory need, but in a safer and more socially acceptable way (Little & Akin-Little, 2019).
Reinforcing an alternative is more effective than punishment alone and helps the new behavior last over time. The Walden University video also explains that focusing on positive alternatives can prevent side effects of punishment, such as fear or avoidance, and can help the child use the new skills in other places.
In short, reinforcing functionally equivalent behavior is important because it gives the child a better option that works, reduces problem behavior more effectively, and supports change that lasts.
References
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Little, S. G., & Akin-Little, A. (2019). Reductive procedures: Positive approaches to reducing the incidence of problem behavior. In S. G. Little & Akin-Little (Eds.), Behavioral interventions in schools: Evidence-based positive strategies (2nd ed., pp. 77-96). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000135-005Links to an external site.
Walden University, LLC. (2019-2021). Decreasing frequency of behavior with Steven Little, PhD and Angeleque Akin-Little, PhD [Video]. Walden University Blackboard.