Overview
In this scenario, I would suggest using extinction because Tim’s tantrum behavior seems to be maintained by access to tangibles, specifically the candy bar at checkout. Extinction occurs when reinforcement that previously maintained a behavior is no longer provided, which gradually decreases the frequency of that behavior over time (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2020). By consistently not giving in to the tantrum or purchasing the candy, the parent would be withholding reinforcement, making the behavior less effective for Tim.
Before recommending extinction, it would be important to confirm the function of the behavior through a functional assessment to ensure the tantrum is truly maintained by access to tangibles. Once confirmed, I would coach the parent on implementing extinction consistently, meaning no candy and limited attention during the tantrum. At the same time, the parent should reinforce appropriate replacement behaviors, such as asking politely for a treat or accepting “no” appropriately. This combination of extinction and differential reinforcement is more effective than extinction alone (Cooper et al., 2020).
When explaining an extinction burst, I would let the parent know that Tim’s tantrums might temporarily increase in intensity or frequency once the candy is no longer provided. This is a normal part of the extinction process because the behavior has worked in the past, and Tim will likely try harder before it starts to fade. I would suggest that the parent stay consistent, remain calm, and avoid reinforcing the tantrum, while also focusing on safety. With consistency and reinforcement of appropriate behavior, the tantrums should begin to decrease over time. This approach aligns with Wolff, Hupp, and Symons (2013), who found that extinction procedures can be effective when used alongside reinforcement of adaptive behaviors. Consistency, patience, and clear expectations are key to helping both the parent and child be successful.
References:
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Wolff, J. J., Hupp, S. C., & Symons, F. J. (2013). Brief report: Avoidance extinction as treatment for compulsive and ritual behavior in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), 1741–1746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1721-7