Overview
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Narratology is the study of how a story is organized, told, and understood by the viewers. Its all about the structure of a narrative, the plot, the storyline, the characters in the story, conflict, setting, and point of view. Rather than focusing what goes on in a story, narratology focuses only on what is happening in a story. Narratology studies how the story is told by those who are narrating it, how the story influences the audience and the emotional response they have toward it. Narratology explains how the audience takes in the information in a movie and how the audience response emotionally.
Film narratology is different compared to literary narratology, films tell stories mostly through visuals, audio elements, and more while literature highly relies on written language. While filming, directors use camera angles, lighting, editing, music, sound effects, facial expressions, and emotion to build communication and to help build the story lie more in depth. Books use description, dialogue, and characters inside thoughts to help the reader imagine the story as if it were a film. Because of this films often show emotion more directly, books provide more of a in depth expression of the characters thoughts.
An example would be Spider Man No Way Home. The story is told in a way that makes it have a major impact on the audience and how they understand the characters and the events happening in the movie. It doesn't only focus of Peter Parker's life, it brings together villains and Spider Mans from previous Spider Man films. The viewers get to see how all the different versions have experienced similar situations and challenges throughout their life. The films narrative structure connects various storylines and makes the emotions feel more real to the viewers.
Mimesis is a representation or imitation of a reality in a story being told. It is focused on "showing" events through a characters actions, dialogue, and behavior rather than just explaining them. In a film this allows the viewers to experience the story by watching the characters interact which makes everything feel more engaged and real.
Diegesis is a fictional world in which a story is taking place. This includes everything that is in a story like characters, locations, events, sounds, and more, all things a character can experience. An example would be, a character turning on a radio and everyone else in this scene hears the sound coming from the radio, the music is diegetic because it exists in the stories world. Background music is usually only added for the audience, this is non diegetic because the characters can't hear it. Understanding all this helps viewers recognize how film makers use these technique's to shape the experience for the audience.