OnlineNursingOwl
← All nursing posts

Statistics · Studypool

Statistics

Post ID: 2961887

My topic is:

Do teens/young adults differ from middle/older adults in how much time they spend on social media? (predictor: age; outcome: time on social media) Put in three folders

1.

References/Citations

(APA style)

The purpose of this assignment is for you to identify several (at least three) research articles about the topic you chose. You will then cite them when you write your paper. You will need to use the library database to identify appropriate articles. Informal internet sources such as wikipedia or magazines/blogs such as psychologytoday are NOT considered acceptable sources. These should be reputable academic, research, or government sources that provide background information about the topic you're writing about. If you just Google your topic and send me websites, you will get a 0! You'll need these articles later.Note that what you need these articles for is background information. The actual data that you will be analyzing will be provided to you.

Format

Reference 1

authors: ~~~~~~~~~~

year: ####

article title: ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~

journal title: ~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~

volume and issue: vol. #, iss. ##

doi: #######.#######

Reference 2

authors: ~~~~~~~~~~

year: ####

article title: ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~

journal title: ~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~

volume and issue: vol. #, iss. ##

doi: #######.#######

Reference 3

authors: ~~~~~~~~~~

year: ####

article title: ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~

journal title: ~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~

volume and issue: vol. #, iss. ##

doi: #######.#######

Submit your assignment as (saved as a .doc, .docx, or pdf file).

2.

Paper Prep Assignment: Calculations

Carefully read the Explanation of Paper Prep 4, watch the tutorials, and calculate/create everything requested (also listed below). Submit your assignment here (saved as a .doc, .docx, or pdf file).

GRADING

DEMOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS (5 POINTS)

  • Overall n
  • Age information for entire sample:
    • mean
    • standard deviation
    • number of people missing age information
  • Gender identity information for entire sample
    • frequency table for all gender categories (including the number of people missing gender info)
    • pie chart of the same information
  • Highest level of education for entire sample
    • frequency table for all education categories (including the number of people missing education info)
    • pie chart of the same information

SUBGROUP DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS (5 POINTS)

  • For each of the two groups you create using your grouping variable:
    • group names/labels
    • n
    • mean
    • standard deviation
    • variance

TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST CALCULATIONS (5 POINTS)

  • Use the information from your subgroup descriptive statistics to hand-calculate:
    • pooled variance
    • two-sample t-test value
  • interpretation of t-test, including
      • critical value based on your sample size
      • whether p is greater than or less than .05
    • whether you conclude that you should reject or fail to reject the null
2.Explanation of Paper Prep 4: Calculations

Below are step-by-step directions for doing the calculations necessary for your paper. If you're working in Google Sheets, make sure you know how to get back to your spreadsheet after you close it. If you're working in Excel, make sure you save your work and email it to yourself as a backup in case it gets deleted.

Before you begin, download the assignment templateLinks to an external site.

This is what you will fill out and turn in to me. If you turn in a copy of your whole spreadsheet, I will not grade it. Use the template to neatly summarize your work.

STEP 1: LOCATE AND CHECK YOUR DATA SET.

VIDEO TUTORIAL FOR STEP 1LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.

Go back to the first paper prep assignment and double-check which topic you picked. Then go to the spreadsheet of paper topicsLinks to an external site., find your topic, and click on the link to the dataset for your question in column C. Once you've opened it, check that you have the right variables:

  • Everyone should have the variables for age, gender identity, and highest level of education—those you will do descriptive statistics on to describe your participants/sample.
  • You should also have the two variables you need to answer your specific research question (the topic you picked).
    • Your grouping variable or predictor variable should be highlighted in blue
    • Your outcome variable should be highlighted in orange

Send me an inbox message immediately if your dataset has incorrect or missing variables, or if you don't see it in the list.

ONLY do calculations on the data set for your topic. I have had students do calculations on all the data for all the topics before--don't do that.

Only work with your data. Don't make more work for yourself.

STEP 2: COPY YOUR SPREADSHEET.

VIDEO TUTORIAL FOR STEP 2LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.

Make a copy of your data spreadsheet so you can edit it. The Google Sheets versions I provided are view-only, meaning you can’t edit directly in them. The two ways to do this are:

Note: the links in the rest of this are brief video tutorials that I created to help you through the process. Use them!

STEP 3: PREPARE TO CALCULATE.

VIDEO TUTORIAL FOR STEP 3LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.

STEP 4: CALCULATE YOUR FULL GROUP DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS.

VIDEO TUTORIAL FOR STEP 4LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.

Calculate n and descriptive statistics for age, gender identity, and highest level of education for the entire sample.

  • Sample size: determine n for your entire sample
  • Age
    • Calculate the mean age
    • Calculate the standard deviation for age
    • Figure out how many people (if any) you’re missing age data for
  • Gender identity
    • Create a frequency table for gender identity (include a category for missing data if needed)
    • Create a pie chart using the frequency table
  • Highest level of education
    • Create a frequency table for highest level of education (include a category for missing data if needed)
    • Create a pie chart using the frequency table

STEP 5: CALCULATE YOUR SUBGROUP DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR YOUR OUTCOME.

VIDEO TUTORIAL FOR STEP 5LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.

Calculate the following for the outcome variable. Do this separately for each of your two groups:

  • n
  • mean
  • standard deviation
  • variance

STEP 6: CALCULATE YOUR TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST.

VIDEO TUTORIAL FOR STEPS 6 AND 7LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.

Use what you've learned in class and the values for ns, means, and variances.

  • Calculate pooled variance
  • Calculate your t-test value
  • Determine the critical value for your sample size
  • Decide whether to reject the null hypothesis and whether p is above or below .05.

STEP 7: TURN IT IN.

If you didn't already do so, download the template for the calculation assignmentLinks to an external site. and make sure you've replaced everything highlighted in yellow with your own numbers or graphs.

Save the template as a .doc, .docx, or .pdf file. Again, DO NOT send me your excel sheet. Submit the filled-out template

3.Explanation of 5: Final Paper

What you chose in paper prep 1 is the topic for this paper.

Do teens/young adults differ from middle/older adults in how much time they spend on social media? (predictor: age; outcome: time on social media)

You need to follow the rules about avoiding plagiarism and citing works properly that you went over in paper prep 2.

You should be using the references/citations that you found for paper prep 3 when writing this paper, unless I gave you feedback that they were not appropriate sources.

Your calculations from paper prep 4 will be part of your method and results sections.

EXAMPLES, VIDEO EXPLANATIONS, AND OUTLINE

An example paperLinks to an external site. has been provided to help you understand this assignment. Please read the comments on it carefully, as most (but not all) of what's in it mirrors what you will need to do for your own paper.

There are several videos explaining how to write each section of the paper. They follow along with the example paper provided. Please use them! However, these are not a replacement for reading the detailed information below (in Sections and Points) on what to include in each section.

Video explanation links:

A downloadable outline for your paperLinks to an external site. has also been provided to help you with the formatting Anything in it that has [[double brackets]] around it is meant to be replaced with your own text or is an explanation of what should be there--I shouldn't see any double brackets left in your paper when you turn it in!

BASIC FORMATTING

Your paper should be written...

  • in APA format
  • double-spaced
  • in an easy-to-read 12-point font (e.g., Times New Roman; Callibri)
  • in full sentences
  • in an organized manner

PLAGIARISM

Will be checked using the automatic plagiarism checker on TurnItIn.

SECTIONS AND POINTS

TITLE PAGE (2 PTS)

  • Your submission must have a title that makes sense for your topic--in other words, that tells me what your paper is about
  • Your title page should be in APA format

ABSTRACT (2 PTS)

  • You must write an abstract summarizing your paper (one or two sentences per main paper section)
  • It should be 150-250 words

INTRODUCTION (6 PTS)

  • You must write an introduction that includes
    • An explanation of why the topic matters
    • Background information from existing research (or other less empirical sources) about your topic), with your sources appropriately cited
    • A current study section that includes your hypotheses

METHOD (6 PTS)

  • You must write a method section that includes
    • A description of your participants and their demographic information
    • A description of the procedure followed for the study
    • A description of your variables (aka, a Measures section)
    • An analytical plan

RESULTS (6 PTS)

  • You must write a results section that includes
    • descriptive statistics (n, mean, and SD for outcome variable) for each of the two groups you are examining
    • your t-test value
    • the interpretation of your t-test results using appropriate statistical formatting (must include whether p < .05 or p > .05, whether or not you rejected the null hypothesis, and whether that means one group has a significantly higher average than the other)

DISCUSSION (6 PTS)

  • You must write a discussion section that includes
    • A brief description of your findings and whether or not they align with what you expected
    • At least two reasons why you may have found the results you found (whether or not they were what you expected), with appropriate citations of other research as needed
    • At least two limitations of your work (e.g., things that you could have done better/differently if you were conducting this study yourself in a more ideal setting) and how you would make it better if you did the study again
    • A conclusion that relates back to why you think this was an important/interesting topic to examine

CITATIONS AND REFERENCES (2 PT)

  • You must include a reference page that lists the sources you cited in APA format.

POINTS NOT RELATED TO A SPECIFIC PAPER SECTION (5 POINTS)

  • Make sure your paper is written in APA format.
    • Use the downloadable outline and example paper to help you.
  • Make sure your paper is written in an understandable and organized manner, using appropriate academic language