Overview
About: In this assignment, you will interpret and explain statistical output from a statistical software. A chi-square was performed between social class and health in order to explore wether our social class plays a role in our health status.
The goal of this assignment is to interpret and explain statistical output based on the chi-square hypothesis test results.
Background & Results:
Respondents were asked to state their social class with the question: "Which of the following names would you use for your social class: lower class, working class, middle class, or upper class" . Sometimes to make studies more focused, certain categories are removed as in this case we will only be using the first three social class. People were also asked various health questions including: "Would you say your own health, in general, is excellent/good, fair, or poor?". In this case we have combined excellent and good into one category, again in the spirit of keeping the patterns more focused.
This statistical output comes from the General Social Survey Data (2022). Here are the results!
Table 1: Health based on Social Class
Health
Lower ClassWorking ClassMiddle ClassTotalGood or Excellent
151
39.8%
1024
69.7%
1176
78.7%
2351
70.3%
Fair
158
41.7%
388
26.4%
274
18.3%
820
24.5%
Poor
70
18.5%
58
3.9%
45
3.0%
173
5.2%
Total
379
100.0%
1470
100.0%
1495
100.0%
3344
100.0%
Source: General Social Survey Data, 2022
Table 2: Chi-Square Hypothesis Testing Results
Chi-SquareX2 = 283.3Significance Levelp<.001
Directions: In a 400 word report complete the following prompts in relation to the cross-tabulation table. Make sure to write your report in paragraph format.
1. Introduction (1 to 2 paragraphs)
- Briefly describe the goal and purpose of this particular cross-tabulation table and chi-square
- After stating your H0 and H1, state which one you would have thought would be correct before seeing the data. Did you believe that health could be caused by social class? Why or why not?
2. Methods (1 to 2 paragraphs)
- Descriptive Statistics: Explain and interpret the cross-tabulation table data patterns
- Inferential Statistics: Explain the chi-square output results, in particular what the chi-square statistic can tell us.
3. Results (1 to 2 paragraphs)
- Provide a summary of results explaining the results including answers to the questions:
- Was the p-value less than .05?
- Do we accept or reject the null hypothesis?
- Are the two variables significantly related to one another?
4. Discussion (1 to 2 paragraphs)
- Discuss any potential limitations of the descriptive table data and inferential results
- Provide some thoughts on why we obtained the results we obtained, consider various logical explanations and additional variables that could play a role in the results