Pathophysiology
Part 1: Pathophysiology
1. Which are the concepts of?
a. Atrophy
b. Physiologic atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
e. Pathologic hyperplasia
f. Dysplasia
g. Metaplasia
2. What are the main four mechanisms of Cell Injury?
3. Describe the Two differences between Cell injury:
a. Reversible vs irreversible
4. Describe the concepts of Cell Death:
a. Necrosis
b. Apoptosis.
5- Describe the functions of these cell organelles:
a. Nucleus
b. Nucleolus
c. Mitochondria
d. Ribosomes
e. Cytoplasm
f. Cell Membrane
6. Describe 2 causes and 2 symptoms:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypokalemia
7. Describe 2 causes and 2 symptoms:
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Hypocalcemia
8. Describe 2 causes and 2 symptoms of:
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hyponatremia.
9- What is acidosis and what is alkalosis?
Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
10- Mr. Epperson was lifting a heavy piece of furniture when he experienced crushing pain in his chest, began sweating heavily, and was nauseated. His wife drove him to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) and given intravenous drugs to dissolve a clot that was obstructing a major coronary artery. After his hospitalization, Mr. Epperson’s doctor told him that some of his heart muscle had died.
Match the questions with the correct answers regarding the cell injury in Mr. Epperson’s heart.
a. Mr. Epperson’s myocytes were initially injured by _______ (______)
b. Ischemia injures cells faster than _______ alone. (______)
c. Reversible myocyte swelling was caused by lack of _______ to fuel ion pumps. (______)
d. Irreversible myocyte injury occurred when mitochondrial and plasma _______ were disrupted. (______)
e. Dissolving the blood clot rescued some myocytes by providing _______ for generating ATP. (______)
f. Dissolving the blood clot damaged some myocytes by _______ injury. (______)
i. hypoxia
ii. sodium
iii. oxygen
iv. ATP
v. ischemia
vi. necrosis
vii. reperfusion
vii. membranes
ix. apoptosis
Part 2: Pathophysiology
1. Which are the concepts of?
a. Atrophy
b. Physiologic atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
e. Pathologic hyperplasia
f. Dysplasia
g. Metaplasia
2. What are the main four mechanisms of Cell Injury?
3. Describe the Two differences between Cell injury:
a. Reversible vs irreversible
4. Describe the concepts of Cell Death:
a. Necrosis
b. Apoptosis.
5- Describe the functions of these cell organelles:
a. Nucleus
b. Nucleolus
c. Mitochondria
d. Ribosomes
e. Cytoplasm
f. Cell Membrane
6. Describe 2 causes and 2 symptoms:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypokalemia
7. Describe 2 causes and 2 symptoms:
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Hypocalcemia
8. Describe 2 causes and 2 symptoms of:
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hyponatremia.
9- What is acidosis and what is alkalosis?
Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
10- Mr. Epperson was lifting a heavy piece of furniture when he experienced crushing pain in his chest, began sweating heavily, and was nauseated. His wife drove him to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) and given intravenous drugs to dissolve a clot that was obstructing a major coronary artery. After his hospitalization, Mr. Epperson’s doctor told him that some of his heart muscle had died.
Match the questions with the correct answers regarding the cell injury in Mr. Epperson’s heart.
a. Mr. Epperson’s myocytes were initially injured by _______ (______)
b. Ischemia injures cells faster than _______ alone. (______)
c. Reversible myocyte swelling was caused by lack of _______ to fuel ion pumps. (______)
d. Irreversible myocyte injury occurred when mitochondrial and plasma _______ were disrupted. (______)
e. Dissolving the blood clot rescued some myocytes by providing _______ for generating ATP. (______)
f. Dissolving the blood clot damaged some myocytes by _______ injury. (______)
i. hypoxia
ii. sodium
iii. oxygen
iv. ATP
v. ischemia
vi. necrosis
vii. reperfusion
vii. membranes
ix. apoptosis
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