PATIENT ENGAGEMENT WITH ADULT NURSES IN THE HOSPITAL

PATIENT ENGAGEMENT WITH ADULT NURSES IN THE HOSPITAL

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND CHAPTER 8

2.1. The Importance of Patient/Nurse Engagement 8

2.2. Patient/Nurse Engagements and Satisfaction 9

2.3. The Failure of Hospitals to Foster Patient/Nurse Engagements 10

2.4. Consideration of Patients in Patient/Nurse Engagements 13

2.5. The Need for Patient/Nurse Engagements 14

2.6. The effects of Patient/Nurse Engagements 15

2.7. Statement of the Problem 17

2.8. Rationale or Justification of the Study 18

2.9. Research Questions 18

2.1.1. Scope of the Study 19

2.1.2. Hypothesis 19

2.1.3. Assumptions 19

2.1.4. Objectives 21

2.1.4a. General Objective 21

2.1.4b. Specific Objectives 21

CHAPTER 3: THE IMPROVEMENT 22

3.1. The improvement 23

3.2. Intended outcomes 24

3.3. How the improvement will be implemented 25

3.3.1. Plan 27

3.3.2. Do 27

3.3.3. Study 28

3.3.4. Act 29

CHAPTER 4: METHODS 30

4.1. Qualitative Research 30

4.2. Systematic Review 31

4.3. Documents and Records 31

4.4. Justification of the Method 32

4.6. Data Collection Process 32

CHAPTER 5: ETHICAL ISSUES 36

Balance and fairness 36

The freedom of the patient 39

CHAPTER 6: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS 40

CHAPTER 7: DISSEMINATION 40

7.1. Conference presentation 40

7.2. Journal article 42

CHAPTER 8: GANTT CHART 44

References 45

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to demonstrate my gratitude to my lecturer and his role in supporting me to this point. I would not have succeeded in filing the project if it were not for the support and guidance I received from the instructor. I would also like to thank the instructor for the corrections and clarifications he provided after every submission. It has helped me polish my project skills, and I am confident I will complete this course as a better student.

ABSTRACT

In the healthcare sector, a nurse needs to engage a patient, and at the same time, a patient needs to engage the nurse. One of the best ways of considering patients in the delivery of care is by engaging them. There is a need to improve engagements between patients and adult nurses (Farrington, Burt, Boiko, Campbell, & Roland, 2017). Improvements will help to promote a smooth process of delivering healthcare services to patients. Communication is the major ingredient of engagement. Through communication, engagements are made easier and faster.

Improvements should be made to the time a patient and a nurse spend together. Reduced conflicts between the patient and the nurse are expected after the implementation of improvement. Smooth delivery of healthcare services is another goal that the implementation of improvement will bring forth. A systematic review will be used to collect and analyse data.

Documents and records from reliable sources will be assessed and used for the study. The issue at hand touches on the patient and the nurse. In a hospital, there might be an issue of fairness. Advising some of them to engage the nurses might be intruding into their privacy. Patient-centred care states that patients’ rights and beliefs should be respected (Haley, Heo, Wright, Barone, Rettiganti & Anders, 2017). In this case, it means that the patients should be allowed to do as they wish. Presenting information in a conference through a presentation might be one of the oldest ways of presenting projects (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). However, it is still one of the most effective methods of passing across an important message.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Engagement is the act of two or more people coming together to participate in a conversation that benefits all parties involved. Engagement is not a new term in the healthcare sector, and this is because many hospitals all over the world have been promoting engagements between stakeholders. Engagement is essential because of the benefits that it presents to the parties involved. In the healthcare sector, engagements have been associated with the modern strategies of delivering care (Patton, Montgomery, Coyne, Slaven, Arthur & Hockenberry, 2020). Modern methods have been paying attention to enhanced quality of services instead of traditional methods of delivering care. The research will be paying much attention to engagements between patients and adult nurses.

In the healthcare sector, the relationship between the patient and the nurse is important. The nurse depends on the patient to know how the patient feels, and the patient depends on the nurse to improve. Considering that the diagnosis process depends on the two, engagements help the two develop the problem’s best solution. It is important to note that a nurse is an important stakeholder in the healthcare sector because they ensure that patients get the help they need. According to Hartley, Raphael, Lovell, and Berry (2020), when there are healthy engagements, the delivery of care is smooth, increasing the patient’s chances of getting better faster.

Even though nurses are important stakeholders in the healthcare sector, some issues affect their delivery. The major issue is the level of engagement. It would be important for nurses and patients to have more engagements, and this is because of the impacts the engagements have on the delivery of care. Improvements are important because they help to increase the quality of services that are provided. In the healthcare sector, the process of question is one of the most important processes because it helps the party collect important information.

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND CHAPTER
2.1. The Importance of Patient/Nurse Engagement
The engagement between a nurse and patient is paramount. In the healthcare sector, a nurse needs to engage a patient, and at the same time, a patient needs to engage the nurse (Farrington et al., 2017). Based on research, increasing engagement has proven to have positive outcomes. One of the major outcomes is satisfaction. Satisfaction has affected the patient and has also affected the nurse.

The importance of engagements between a patient and a nurse goes beyond the two parties. A nurse is a representative of an organisation at the lowest level (Soffer, 2015). When the nurse is on good terms with the patient, the benefits extend to the entire organisation. An organisation might have the best manager, but the manager’s best character cannot be seen or known by the patient because patients do not spend time with the manager. Woumds increase the health economic burden on the UK NHS as compared to managing other medical conditions and the economic benefits can accrue from the increased awareness and improved care systems (Guest, Ayoub, McIlwraith, Uchegbu, Gerrish, Weidlich, Vowden & Vowden, 2015).

Engagement between a nurse and a patient affects the reputation of a hospital. The reputation of an organisation or institution is important because it affects the business. The level of confidence among patients’ increases, and that affects the operations. When the number of customers starts increasing, nurse’s and patients benefit and other stakeholders (Ranse, Yates & Coyer, 2016). For example, when the number of customers increases, the hospital will need to hire more employees in other fields.

2.2. Patient/Nurse Engagements and Satisfaction
At the workplace, employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction are paramount (Delaney, Shattell, & Johnson, 2017). When the employee is satisfied, he or she delivers services that are of good quality. As a result, it affects the customer’s satisfaction rates (Farrington et al., 2017). In the healthcare sector, the customer is the patient, and when the nurse delivers better services because he or she is satisfied, the major beneficiary becomes the patient.

Patient satisfaction is an aspect that is paramount in the healthcare sector. When patient satisfaction levels increase, the patient’s healing process becomes faster. It is important to note that there are factors that affect the healing process of a patient. When there is no platform to air their concerns, they keep their concerns to themselves. At times, the thoughts might turn into stress. The NMC code of conduct should be used by those who care about good nursing and midwifery (Sutcliffe, 2011). It should be used by people who care about patients and nurses through providing feedback to nurses in regards to the care they provide. The educators can also use the code to help professionals understand the need to be registered professionally.

2.3. The Failure of Hospitals to Foster Patient/Nurse Engagements
Some healthcare sector organisations have failed to embrace healthy engagements between patients and nurses (Chan, Hong, Tan & Chua, 2019). As a result, they have failed to meet their customers’ needs and increase their organisations’ productivity (Delaney et al., 2017). Patients are delicate customers because their case is that of life and death. If they do not get the quality of care they deserve, they might lose their lives. The satisfaction rates of patients in organisations that do not promote engagements are low. Patient-centred care is a practice in the healthcare sector that impacts the way nurses and practitioners treat their patients (Chan et al., 2019). The practice emphasises the need for practitioners to prioritise patients in the delivery of care.

Research has helped to reveal that not all hospitals promote engagements. There are different reasons why they do not embrace this effective strategy (Delaney et al., 2017). The first reason is the lack of concern and consideration for the well-being of the patient. When a hospital does not care about the quality of services that are provided, it does not employ or implement strategies that are supposed to help in the delivery of quality services (Tan et al., 2019).

The lack of engagement is also associated with a lack of knowledge by the management of a hospital. In some cases, investors tend to establish hospitals with no knowledge of managing those (Delaney et al., 2017). In a traditional setup, engagements are not important because the patient was not seen as a person with the right to make independent decisions about the types of treatments provided. Some of the investors enter the healthcare sector with the traditional mentality (Delaney et al., 2017).

Even though this is an area that many researchers have failed to focus on, patients are also some of the barriers to implementing engagements in the healthcare sector. Patients are different, and whereas some patients are cooperative, some are not. Some patients like it when they seek services from a hospital without many engagements (Delaney et al., 2017). When a hospital realises that it is dealing with such patients, the hospital chooses by doing away with engagements.

The lack of enough human resources is also a factor affecting hospitals’ engagements (Carthon et al., 2019). Time is of the essence in the healthcare sector, and it limits many organisations from doing as they would wish. From a psychological point of view, it is important to note that people do not open up as soon as the nurse initiates an engagement (Manning & Pogorzelska-Maziarz, 2018). It is essential to establish trust before reaching the peak or confidential level of engagements. In some hospitals, there are a few employees and a lot of patients. A nurse pays attention to treating patients as to spending time with them and having constructive engagements.

Lack of an organisational culture that fosters engagement is also part of the barriers that affect a patient and a nurse (Delaney et al., 2017). Engagement is a soft skill that should be possessed by nurses in the healthcare sector. An organisational culture dictates the events that will take place in the company. In some organisations, employees are expected to spend their time making money for the company and not interacting with the patient (Delaney et al., 2017). Nurses might be important persons in the healthcare sector, but it is important to remember that they are employees under rules and regulations.

2.4. Consideration of Patients in Patient/Nurse Engagements
One of the best ways of considering patients in the delivery of care is by engaging them. Different barriers have been affecting engagements between patients and nurses. Some of the barriers are associated with the patients’ beliefs, while others are associated with an organisation’s policies. Every organisation has policies that become the culture of the organisation. When the organisation’s culture does not motivate the employees to engage patients, the engagement between them might be adversely affected (Delaney et al., 2017).

The healthcare sector is in place to promote health in society. Fostering engagements in a hospital is one of the ways of considering the patient. When there are engagements, certain things take place. One of them is the creation of an avenue where the patient presents his or her problems. It is important to listen to the patient to know the issues that the patient might be going through.

2.5. The Need for Patient/Nurse Engagements
There is a need for improvement in engagements between patients and adult nurses. Improved engagements will positively impact the delivery of care (Delaney et al., 2017). Whereas the blame can be placed both on the patient and the practitioner, it is no doubt that there is so much to be done (Farrington et al., 2017). The lack of engagement breaks communication between the nurse and the patient (Delaney et al., 2017). Communication is essential in different stages of delivering services in the healthcare sector. According to Selanders, and Crane (2012), Florence Nightingale had an expectation that nurses would follow the rules and medical directions. The intention behind this was allowing nurses the autonomy of the purpose in advocating for patients as well as the profession. Selanders, L. and Crane, P., 2012

Through communication, the patient gets to know what the nurse is expecting from him or her. On the other hand, communication makes it easy for the patient to communicate with the nurse. Exchange of information is the major aspect of care delivery (Farrington et al., 2017). Engagement comes in place because it fosters the process of sharing and exchanging information.

The need for engagement is not only associated with the patient and the nurse alone, but it goes beyond the two stakeholders. The nurse and the patient are stakeholders in the lower levels. The lack of a nurse means that the delivery of services would be a challenge. The same case applies to the patient. The absence of the patient means that the hospital would not have any customers.

The customer is the main reason why an organisation operates. When the customer does not show up, it means that the organisation will not make profits (Delaney et al., 2017). Engagements end up affecting the entire organisation. With this in mind, it is no doubt that engagements are good not only for the nurse and the patient but for the whole of the healthcare sector. When the two are not in a good term, the patient seeks help from another hospital, and the nurse is left with no people to attend to.

2.6. The effects of Patient/Nurse Engagements
Improvements will help to promote a smooth process of delivering healthcare services to patients. A patient has the right to know the type of treatment they are getting from the nurse (Farrington et al., 2017). Patient learning is one of the most important aspects of the delivery of care. Smooth operations occur when all people know what is expected of them. For example, when the patient gets to know what is expected of them, they go ahead to ensure that they do so. On the other hand, when the nurse gets information from the patient, they know what the patient wants (Delaney et al., 2017). When the patient and the nurse read from the same script, conflicts are avoided.

In the healthcare sector, it is important to know and appreciate the contribution of every stakeholder. A patient is a recipient, but this does not mean that the patient is inferior. The implementation of engagement strategies in a hospital affects the patient in different ways. Some of the ways are direct, while others are indirect. Apart from the smooth delivery of services, there is value (Delaney et al., 2017). A patient might be the one in need, but it is important to note that they would like to feel like a person with value in the healthcare sector. When the patient is engaged, they feel like a person of value, which increases satisfaction. From a psychological point of view, people tend to respect those who value them.

Deeper connections and understanding in the healthcare sector are important. They foster an atmosphere of disclosure and transparency (Delaney et al., 2017). Disclosure is important in the healthcare sector. Disclosure helps both the nurse and the patient. In the nurse’s case, he or she can share information that helps the nurse identify the best intervention (Calman & Curtis, 2010). The healing process of a patient is essential, which is one reason why disclosure is important (Delaney et al., 2017). A nurse needs to have all the information that is needed to attend to the patient.

In the healthcare sector, transparency is important. Some of the issues that affect a person might be shameful. It is for this reason why the patient needs to trust the nurse. When the patient trusts the nurse, the patient is transparent. For example, when a patient is suffering from a sexually transmitted disease, they might feel embarrassed. When there is an engagement, the shame is eroded, and the patient becomes transparent (Delaney et al., 2017). For many years, the effects of engagements have been known in the healthcare sector, and this is one of the reasons why most of the hospitals across the world are coming up with strategies that will help foster healthy engagements between the nurse and patient (Delaney et al. 2017). The nurse and patient need each other, and it is important to make sure that they have a point of meeting or convergence.

2.7. Statement of the Problem
The lack of engagement between the patient and nurse is a problem affecting the healthcare sector in many ways. The problem has affected many areas of service delivery. The lack of engagement has decreased the satisfaction rates among patients. Patients approach hospitals and doctors when they need help. How the help is administered affects the patient’s satisfaction rate (Delaney et al., 2017). The lack of engagement puts the patient in a challenging position.

The main reason why the healthcare sector is in place is to meet the needs of patients. When the sector fails to meet patients’ needs, it fails to attain the goals it was designed to attain. Given that the sector needs to meet its goals, it is important to ensure that the sector’s issues are resolved. All stakeholders need to work together to attain the healthcare sector’s major goals (Delaney et al., 2017). The problem of engagement is worth consolidating support and constituting strategies. It can affect the healthcare sector for a long time. Given the seriousness of the problem, it is no doubt that it is an issue that demands nothing less than attention.

2.8. Rationale or Justification of the Study
The study is important in two different ways. First, it affects the healthcare sector, and if nothing is done, it will continue affecting stakeholders in the healthcare sector. A study is conducted to highlight problems that are in place. If the problem can halt a sector’s activities, it deserves the attention of researchers and students. The study will help to know more about the problem (Delaney et al., 2017). Knowing more about the problem is the best way of making sure that the right solution has been found.

Second, the study is presenting a solution to the problem at hand. A study’s importance is seen in the goals that it can achieve (Delaney et al., 2017). The study will help to achieve the goals at the same time. The first goal is informing the researcher and audience of the issue at hand and the second goal is to provide a solution to the issue. The two goals justify the study. With this in mind, it will be appropriate and suitable to conduct the study because it will come with benefits that will transform and change the healthcare sector for the best.

2.9. Research Questions
The study will be paying attention to different issues that pertain to engagements. With this in mind, it will be advisable to have several research questions. The following are research questions that will be used for the study;

a. What are the impacts of engagements between patients and adult nurses?

b. What are the common barriers that affect engagements between patients and adult nurses?

c. What are the benefits of engagements between patients and adult nurses?

2.1.1. Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is limited to two stakeholders and one problem. The two stakeholders who will be focused on are a patient and an adult nurse (Delaney et al., 2017). These are the only people of interest because the topic of research has only mentioned the two. When it comes to the problem that will be focused on, the scope is limited to engagement (Delaney et al., 2017). The study will not be investigating any other problem other than the problem of engagement.

2.1.2. Hypothesis
H1: Engagements between a patient and nurses improve the quality of services delivered by nurses.

H2: Fostering engagements is an initiative that should be supported by healthcare practitioners and patients.

2.1.3. Assumptions
As far as engagements between patients and nurses are concerned, there are different assumptions that people hold. The first assumption pertains to the importance of engagements (Carthon et al., 2019). Human beings are social beings, and interacting is one of the social activities they embrace. It is assumed that they understand each other better (Delaney et al., 2017). When people have a better understanding of the other, they do not engage in conflicts, fostering a better working environment. The second assumption focuses on trust and confidence. Trust is built, and sometimes it might take too long to build (Delaney et al., 2017). One of the best ways of building trust is by bringing people together. Engagements bring people together, and after spending some time together, they get to trust each other.

The third assumption is associated with the transparency of the patient. When a patient is transparent to the nurse, they can share as much information as possible. Some of the conditions that affect patients can be associated with personal issues (Delaney et al., 2017). It takes time before a person can talk about personal issues with a stranger. It is assumed that when a nurse engages the patient, the patient later softens and outpours what they might be suffering from.

The fourth assumption is associated with the benefits of a good relationship between the nurse and the patient (Delaney et al., 2017). A good relationship is assumed to have a positive impact on both the nurse and the patient. Relationships take time to build, and different factors foster them (Cho, Mark, Knafl, Chang, & Yoon, 2017). Engagement is one of the factors that affect good relationships. It becomes important to establish engagements between the patient and the nurse (Delaney et al., 2017). When the two have a good relationship, communicating and consulting become easier, affecting their satisfaction rates.

2.1.4. Objectives
2.1.4a. General Objective
The general objective is to understand engagements in the healthcare sector from an informed point of view. The study will be investigating the levels of engagements, the effects they have on stakeholders in the healthcare sector, and the best ways to enhance engagements.

2.1.4b. Specific Objectives
The specific objective of the study is to investigate the engagements between patients and adult nurses. In this case, the research will not be touching on other stakeholders apart from nurses and patients. The first specific objective will be to know the levels of engagement between the patient and the nurse. The second specific objective will be to investigate the effects of engagements between the patient and the nurse (Delaney et al., 2017). In this case, the effects will be assessed from the perspective of the nurse and patient separately. The third specific objective will be investigating the barriers to patient and nurse engagement (Delaney et al., 2017). In any business, the stakeholders desire to implement effective and helpful strategies. However, there are certain barriers. The barriers might originate from the patient or from the nurse. The research will be looking into barriers from all sides to enhance balance and fairness.

The fourth specific objective will be focusing on the process of stating the improvements that need to be done to enhance engagements between patients and nurses. Outlining a solution to a given problem is one of the most important processes. The healthcare sector’s desire and will to promote engagements will be beneficial to all team players. With this in mind, it becomes important to state the exact steps that need to be taken to solve the problem at hand (Delaney et al., 2017). After identifying the most appropriate strategies, the last objective will be to implement the strategies outlined. It is important to remember that the dissertation’s main aim is to solve a problem affecting the healthcare sector.

The implementation process will involve different stages and strategies, and each of them will be monitored. The question of finding a solution does not end when an idea is generated. It goes to the extent of testing if the solution is effective or not. If the solution is effective, it is adopted and made part and parcel of its culture (Pratt, Moroney, & Middleton, 2020). However, if the solution is ineffective, there is no other choice than to do away with it and embark on a fresh mission to look for the most suitable and appropriate strategy (Cziraki, Wong, Kerr, & Finegan, 2020).

CHAPTER 3: THE IMPROVEMENT
In any improvement, there are expectations and the reason why the improvement has to take place. In the given case, the outcomes are positive (Farrington et al., 2017). The main reason why the issue has been raised is that it is one of the issues affecting the healthcare sector. The following section will pay attention to the improvements that need to be made, the outcomes that are expected from each of the areas of improvement, and how the improvements will be implemented.

3.1. The improvement
i. Communication between a patient and an adult nurse will be improved.

Communication is the major ingredient of engagement. Through communication, engagements are made easier and faster. Communication between the patient and the nurse can be improved in different ways. First, the practitioners need to be educated on the best tone and rules to maintain when communicating (Farrington et al., 2017). When the patient is frustrated, communication will not occur. The time that a nurse spends with a nurse will be increased.

Improvements should be made to the time a patient and a nurse spend together (Hunter & Wagg, 2018). It is important to allocate enough time for patients and their nurse. When two people spend a lot of time together, they end up sharing a lot of information. As a result, they get to know each other in a better way.

ii. The association of the patient and the nurse will be enhanced.

The association of the patient and the nurse affects the engagement process. When the two are not on good terms, they avoid each other, which affect their level of engagement (Farrington et al., 2017). The hospital will have to look for ways to enhance the association. In this case, the nurses are expected to take the upper hand and lead the associations (Delaney et al., 2017). Nurses should be advised to develop a friendly attitude toward patients.

iii. The time that a nurse spends with a nurse will be increased.

Improvements should be made to the time that a patient and a nurse spend together (Hunter & Wagg, 2018). In some hospitals, nurses are always in a rush, which means that patients cannot share as much as they want. It is important to allocate enough time for a patient and their nurse (Chan et al., 2019). When two people spend a lot of time together, they end up sharing a lot of information. As a result, they get to know each other in a better way.

3.2. Intended outcomes
Reduced conflicts between the patient and the nurse are expected after the implementation of improvement. One of the factors that promote conflicts is the lack of engagement between professionals and patients. When people engage, they explain things better so that it becomes a challenge for them to conflict. In this case, it is also important to remember that engagements lead to relationships (Delaney et al., 2017). Good relationships between patients and nurses will have a positive impact on the delivery of services. Any organisation’s goal in the healthcare sector is to improve services’ quality (Kutney-Lee et al., 2016).

Improving the quality of services brings more customers, thus increasing profits (Delaney et al., 2017). Also, it is the mission of every nurse to provide services that are of high quality. A nurse is a professional who is different from other professionals (Delaney et al., 2017). The reason behind it is that a nurse has the role or responsibility of providing quality services. A nurse becomes motivated when he or she delivers services that help deal with the patient’s problem.

Smooth delivery of healthcare services is another goal that the implementation of improvement will bring forth (Arkorful et al., 2020). Engagements between people receiving services and people offering them will make it easier to promote smooth delivery of services (Delaney et al., 2017). One of the reasons why engagements are advocated for is that they help the patient and nurse have good communication.

When people communicate, and they are on good terms, engaging becomes easier. Smooth service delivery impacts many areas in a hospital (Delaney et al., 2017). When things run the way they are planned to run, no time is wasted. Time is of the essence in the healthcare sector because a minute can cost a life (Farrington et al., 2017). This is one of the expected outcomes because it has many effects on different areas of operations in a hospital (MacPhee, Dahinten, & Havaei, 2017).

3.3. How the improvement will be implemented
Communication will be made to nurses, and they will be advised to follow the improvements that have been outlined. The lack of engagement affects the patients and nurses (Farrington et al., 2017). The nurses can implement the hospital’s strategy because they are in a good position to do so. The reason for stating so is that patients come and go as soon as they get well. However, nurses will always be working in the hospital.

Different types of communication are at the disposal of people who might be interested in communicating. In the study, enough time and communication will be needed (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). In this case, it is important to know that communication is supposed and expected to enlighten the nurses. An organisation can use different strategies in this case. The nurses can be informed of the strategy, and it can be sent to the hospital’s website, where all employees can access and download it.

When the management of an organisation wants to communicate a change expected to occur in an organisation, it must use strategies favourable to the desired goals. The best strategy to communicate in this case is to conduct a seminar. Teaching employees how to implement a strategy is an important activity because it helps them know what is required (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). After knowing what is required of them, confusion in implementing the strategy is avoided (Sohal, 2020).

A follow up will be done to ensure that the improvements have been made. If the improvement works, the hospital will adopt the improvement strategy (Farrington et al., 2017). In the case the plan does not work, it will be assessed and evaluated to know the reason why it is not working. If it proves to be a challenge, it will be revised or done away with where more effective strategies will be drafted and implemented.

3.3.1. Plan
The planning process stands out as one of the most important processes in the research sector and other areas of operations. The planning process focuses on two areas as far as this study is concerned. The first plan pertains to the process of conducting the study. Planning helps to know what is needed and required (Hughes-Gay, Opsahl, Kirby, & DeGraff, 2020). The study has a timeframe, and it should be met. The plan will help to ensure that the study is completed on time.

Areas of planning included are days of collecting data, data collection methods, the tools used to store data, materials needed for the study, and the days that the analysis will be conducted (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). In the case of the implementation of the improvement, planning will also be included, and it will help identify the procedures that will be essential. Planning will include the time that the findings with be shared with the stakeholders, the methods of presentation, and the strategies used to implement the improvement.

3.3.2. Do
After the planning process has taken place, it will be important to move to the next stage, putting into action what has been planned. After selecting materials, the available date will be extracted to furnish the study with information to answer the research questions (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). In the planning stage, the materials that will be needed have been outlined. The materials will be bought to ensure that the study is smooth (Feo, Rasmussen, Wiechula, Conroy, & Kitson, 2017).

Keeping time is essential in any study. The planning process has looked into the aspect of the timeframe. It will be important to arrange for the best time to start the study with this in mind. The exact day and time should be outlined to ensure that nobody gets confused about when the study is starting (Jemilat Siju, 2019). A contingency plan will be viable in this case because it will help to deal with any issue that might emerge in the whole process (Rosa, Ferrell, & Wiencek, 2020). However, when it comes to implementing the improvement, there are different areas to look.

After the findings have been filed, engaging the patient and the nurse will be implemented. The study was looking at an issue, and now that there is a solution, it is high time for the solution to be implemented. The management will need to establish a culture that supports a patient and an adult nurse’s engagement. The nurses are the most involved and touched by the problem (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). It, therefore, means that they will be involved in the implementation process. The best way to know if a strategy is working is by putting it to work and see if it has what it takes to change the problem that is facing the specific sector (Richey & Waite, 2019).

3.3.3. Study
The study aspect touches on both the researching process and the implementation process (Holskey & Rivera, 2020). In the case of the research process, the section of study focuses on researching the topic of research. In this stage, all researching processes will be conducted. The first process will be selecting data, and the last stage will be the outlining of the findings.

When it comes to the implementation process, the narrative changes because the improvement has already been implemented, in this stage, the strategy will be studied or monitored. The strategy that will be identified is expected to help deal with the lack of engagement between the nurse and the patient

3.3.4. Act
Acting is important in any study or implementation process. In the research case, acting will entail taking action after the data has been collected and filed. The study’s findings will dictate the most appropriate action. If the findings will present answers to the research questions that have been posted, the findings will be recommended for implementation (De Simone, Planta, & Cicotto, 2018). If the findings do not answer the questions, a consideration of whether to revise the data or conduct a fresh study will be done.

CHAPTER 4: METHODS
The methods that are used to collect data are important. In this case, the methods used to collect data must conform to the criterion of collecting primary data (Tan et al., 2019). The two following methods will come in handy to collect data for the study.

4.1. Qualitative Research
The method that has been selected for the study is the qualitative research method. A qualitative research method is most appropriate for the study because of several reasons. One of the reasons is associated with the research questions. The research questions dictate the type of research method used (Carthon et al., 2019). When the research question asks for statistical answers and proof, the best research method is quantitative research (Alvarez et al., 2019). However, if the research question asks for descriptions and explanations, qualitative research methods are most appropriate (Carthon et al., 2019). In the case of the research questions that have been designed for the study, the answers needed are descriptive, and that is proof that a qualitative research method will come in handy (Cho et al., 2016).

The utilization of an interview comes in handy to help participants answer their questions. In qualitative research, the main interest is collecting data and collecting data that is detailed and expounded on. The research questions need data that is well explained. At the same time, it will be important to explore the knowledge further that participants have pertaining to the research question. A qualitative research method creates an avenue where the researcher gets to know the research focus in the future. With the benefits that come with qualitative approach, it becomes advisable to utilize it.

A qualitative research method is the most appropriate method for the study and is associated with the results of a research question (Riley, Dearmon, Mestas, & Buckner, 2016). Qualitative research methods foster diverse data collection instead of quantitative research methods (Carthon et al., 2019). Qualitative research methods are not limited. The study will strictly be dealing with secondary data. It is important to select a method that will not limit data collection (Dempsey & Assi, 2018).

The third reason why it is important to use the qualitative method is associated with flexibility. Flexibility in research is paramount because it helps the researchers to explore as much as possible (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The problem at hand needs explanations in depth. It is for this reason why the process of collecting data will be planned. Details should be provided to help understand the problem in a better way. The qualitative research method comes in place to help the researcher to utilize as many approaches as possible (Patton et al., 2020). In research, exploring further helps to collect as much data as possible.

4.2. Documents and Records
Documents and records from reliable sources will be assessed and used for the study. The research topic is not new, which means that other researchers have focused on it (Chan et al., 2019). Borrowing other hospitals’ records will help to know if the issue can be resolved with the interventions that have been identified and selected (Dempsey & Assi, 2018).

4.3. Justification of the Method
The research approach selected is the most suitable for the given study because it will help attain the study’s goals. Many explanations are needed to increase the knowledge of the issue at hand (Carthon et al., 2019). The use of documents and other credible sources is the best way to know more about the problem. The study is strictly limited to secondary sources (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The methods that have been selected promote the collection of data from secondary sources, and that makes the methods most appropriate.

4.4. Data Collection Process
One of the most important activities in a study is the collection of data. The methods and strategies that are used to collect data dictate if the data is credible or not (Carthon et al., 2019). Different steps should be followed when collecting data. The steps are as follows.

1. Identify Sources of Data

The fields of nursing and research have been advancing at a high rate. The nursing field has attracted a lot of researchers. Therefore, it means that there is a lot of information shared about nursing (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). Identifying credible sources of information is important (Carthon et al., 2019). The findings of the study are supposed to present a real-world solution to the problem. Therefore, they must be realistic.

Researchers have been sharing their studies with interested parties in different ways. Technology is one of the tools they have been using (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). Due to the expansion of the research field, researchers and publications’ classification has been taking place (Peng & Tseng, 2019). Researchers who have been providing lasting solutions continue to dominate the research field (Carthon et al., 2019). The study is looking for credible information, which means that it will be specifically focusing on information that has been certified (Fleming et al., 2017).

Different factors will be considered in the process of selecting data. The factors are associated with the intention of the study to present nothing less than quality findings. The first factor is the publication year of the materials (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). Materials that are older than ten years might not be helpful, which means that they will not be accommodated in the research (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). When a field is changing, research findings that might have been collected many years ago might not be relevant. The improvement identified for this study is modern, which means that it needs modern approaches (Carthon et al., 2019). Findings filed ten years ago might not help answer the research questions that have been put in place to guide the improvement process.

The second factor of consideration will be the author’s authority or researcher of the materials that will be used (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The study will be utilising secondary materials, and that comes along with some challenges. One of the challenges is that it is not easy to prove the credibility of a source that has been produced by another author or researcher (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). In the process of researching, a researcher might compromise the findings to fit his or her assumptions. The study focuses on an improvement vital in the healthcare sector (Carthon et al., 2019). Taking a chance with the data is not something that would be advised in this case.

The best way to make sure that the authority of the materials used is commanding is by only using information that has been published by credible authors. In every field, some famous researchers have presented a lot of work that has helped deal with real issues. Such researchers will be targeted in this study (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The credibility of the dissertation is important because it will help present data that can be used to deal with real-life issues. The study will not be paying attention to materials that have been produced by individual researchers only (Carthon et al., 2019). The study will also be using documents from institutions, administrations, and organisations.

4.6. Choosing Participants

Random sampling is the method that will be used to choose participants. However, all participants must have met the set regulations and requirements. The research focuses on a problem that affects adults, which means that all participants must have attained the age of eighteen. Only participants who are stakeholders of the healthcare sector will be selected. They are the only ones with the information that is relevant to the study. Seeking consent will be an important aspect of the collection of data. In line with ethical guidelines, one must seek consent before engaging in collecting data from participants.

CHAPTER 5: ETHICAL ISSUES
Balance and fairness
The issue at hand touches on the patient and the nurse. In a hospital, there might be an issue of fairness. The hospital might focus more on the patient as the person who is blocking engagement. It is important to note that the patient and nurse play an essential role (Farrington et al., 2017). In implementing the improvement, it is important to look at the patient and the nurse as two parties that are equally responsible for maintaining an environment that fosters engagement (Farrington et al., 2017).

Ethical considerations are paramount not only during the implementation of a strategy but also when conducting research. The research is looking for balanced solutions. It will be important to avoid relying on one source of data or one set of data. The first ethical issue that is likely to affect the study is focusing on documents that are presented by a specific (Kim & Kim, 2017). When a researcher starts including biases in collecting data, he or she affects the credibility of the study adversely.

The best ethical way to deal with this ethical issue is by making sure that data is collected from different sources. The research will not only focus on documents from a certain organisation, but it will focus on all organisations that have credible and helpful information (Rosa, Dorsen, & Penn, 2020). The reason why this is important is that the study is expected to present facts concerning the problem. The best way to present facts is by making sure that all parties take part.

The second ethical consideration is the selection of materials that only hold one position of the argument. In some cases, a researcher might conduct a study holding a certain position. When a researcher does not approach a study with an open mind, he or she ends up doing things that impress him or her, forgetting that a study is about presenting facts. The best way to deal with this is by employing a sampling method that is not biased (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The selection process is one of the processes that foster biases. At this point, the researcher is tempted to only select materials that impress him or her. Random sampling technique will be used in this study (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). In random sampling, all materials that have relevant information are collected and randomly selected. A person cannot decide on the material that will be used before the study (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). Using the technique will ensure that the researcher only brings in helpful and diverse materials (Carteret al., 2016).

The issue of balance and fairness also touches on the materials that will be selected in this study. The research will be using many types of secondary materials. Books, articles, reports, and documents will be very helpful. A researcher might decide to use books alone when conducting the study. It would be important to make sure that all materials are included (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). A book provides more detailed information when compared to an article. However, it presents theoretical information most of the time.

An article might present lesser information than the book, but most articles are based on research. On the other hand, a document presents lesser information when compared to an article or a book. It presents the findings that an organisation has filed after implementing a strategy (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). Therefore, it presents information that can be the most accurate and helpful. The three types of sources bring on board information that can be assessed from different perspectives. Therefore, the combination of the three is important to promote fairness and balance in the data that will be collected and analysed.

The freedom of the patient
Patients are free to act and behave as they wish. Advising some of them to engage the nurses might be intruding on their privacy (Farrington et al., 2017). People are different, whereas some people like engagements, some people choose to live a silent life. Such people might not be interested in the mission of the company.

Patient-centred care states that the rights and beliefs of patients should be respected. In this case, it means that the patients should be allowed to do as they wish (Farrington et al., 2017). Even though engagements are important, some patients might have a different personality. Trying to convince them might be intruding on their privacy and going against their beliefs.

The best way to deal with the ethical issue is by making sure that the patient has been consulted. There are different ways to know if the patients are comfortable with the hospital’s action in a hospital. One of the best ways is by conducting a survey. A survey can be conducted to get the opinion of the patients. Questionnaires can be used to collect information. The organisation’s management could ask patients if they would feel better if nurses engaged them in a better way than they are currently. Based on the answers that patients will present, the management will determine the best action to take.

CHAPTER 6: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS
Predictive Analysis is the method that will be used to analyse data. The method uses historical data to determine what might take place in the future. In research, historical data can be used to dictate if a given method will work or not (Farrington et al., 2017). The problem at hand is not new, and many organisations have tried to deal with it. Using the data that will be provided, it will be easy to know if the interventions that have been proposed work or there is a dire need to pay attention to different interventions.

The study has paid attention to information that has been presented by other researchers. It is acceptable to use information that has been filed by other researchers. Secondary data has a connection with the predictive data analysis approach (Farrington et al., 2017). When using the predictive data analysis approach, there are requirements. One of the requirements is the presence of data that is important and relevant to the study. Researchers use information from different sources and ages to promote and maintain balance in their studies (Delaney et al., 2017). With this in mind, it is evident that researchers are introduced to data that can be traced back many years. The trends that the studies demonstrate help to know more about the possibility of an issue.

It is important to note that the issue of patient engagement is not new in the healthcare sector. This is an issue that has attracted a lot of debaters in the healthcare sector (Farrington et al., 2017). The fact that the issue is still a hurting thorn in the healthcare sector means that there are forces that are promoting the success of the issue. The use of data presented by researchers who have worked on the topic in the past will come a long way in identifying and noticing any trend (Delaney et al., 2017).

Based on the analysis, different trends were observed, and one of them was the debating of the issue. In this process of collecting data, a researcher is exposed to knowing the amount of information present in the field of research. It was not a challenge to find data, and most of the articles and sources that were identified presented information that was well explained and detailed. In this case, it means that there is enough data pertaining to the issue (Farrington et al., 2017). When there is enough data pertaining to an issue, it means that people are aware of the issue. Knowledge should help practitioners in a certain sector deal with the issue that might affect the people (Delaney et al., 2017).

There is a gap between the nature of the healthcare and knowledge of healthcare practitioners. Healthcare practitioners are aware of the benefits that come along with patient engagement (Delaney et al., 2017). At the same time, they have the knowledge of the best way to engage patients; however, they do not engage the patients at a level that will be beneficial. In this case, the trend of failing to implement strategies that promote patient engagement was identified. The trend was responsible for the gap that is there between the information that healthcare practitioners have and the strategies they have employed in the healthcare sector (Delaney et al., 2017).

The trend that has been observed has the power to affect the healthcare sector in the future. The habit is passed to employees who join the healthcare sector. They join the healthcare sector with information about patient engagement (Farrington et al., 2017). However, due to the fact that many hospitals have demonstrated that they do not implement the knowledge they have, practitioners who are new in the healthcare sector adopt the same behavior (Delaney et al., 2017).

Interpretation of the Results

Engagements do not only affect patient satisfaction but also affect employee satisfaction. The working environment of an organization affects the satisfaction of the employee (Delaney et al., 2017). When the nurse is working in an environment that is peaceful, satisfaction levels increase. However, when the nurse is working in a chaotic environment, the satisfaction levels decrease. When there are engagements, the two communicate, which makes it easier for the nurse to understand the patient’s needs (Delaney et al., 2017). As a result, the working environment is motivating and less stressful.

The data collected during the research helped to better understand the topic of research (Delaney et al., 2017). Based on the data collected, it was evident that the healthcare sector was aware of the healthcare problem the research focused on. The materials that were selected for the study helped to know that there is a lot of information about patient engagement. When there is a lot of information about a given subject, there are two explanations that prove that the healthcare sector is aware of the problem (Delaney et al., 2017). The first explanation pertains to researchers and experts who conduct research.

When there is no information about a given topic in any field, researchers go through a hard time. The reason behind it is that there are no professionals to present information. However, when the case is contrary, the availability of information is high (Delaney et al., 2017). The availability of a lot of data pertaining to a specific topic is proof that professionals and researchers in the specific field know more about the issue. In the process of collecting data for the study, it was not a challenge (Farrington et al., 2017). The reason for stating so is that there was a wide variety of data to the extent that one could not exhaust all the available data. People who write articles are healthcare professionals, which means that they directly affect the operations of the organization.

The second explanation is associated with the availability of data for doctors and nurses (Delaney et al., 2017). When there is available information about a specific field or issue, people in the field get to benefit. In the case that they need the information to increase their knowledge, the information is at their disposal. However, despite the fact that the practitioners have the information they require, they do not change the condition in the healthcare sector (Delaney et al., 2017). Doctors and nurses have done poorly when it comes to the implementation of the knowledge they have.

Data helped to know and understand the factors that affect patient engagement. The factors affect the organization at the three basic levels known as micro, meso, and macro (Delaney et al., 2017). Hospitals have been termed as the institutions that affect the implementation of patient engagement strategies at the micro-level. A healthcare organization has an obligation to deliver quality services. The management dictates the culture of the organization. When the management drafts a culture where people are encouraged to engage, patient engagement is fostered (Delaney et al., 2017). However, when the culture does not support engagements, it becomes a challenge for the patient and practitioner to engage.

The environment is also another factor that emerged. The environment in which a practitioner attends to the patient affects engagements (Delaney et al., 2017). It can affect engagements in two different ways. The first way is associated with construction or structure. Hospitals are designed in a way that is easier for patients and practitioners to engage (Farrington et al., 2017). The main reason why this takes place is to ensure that practitioners can access patients as soon as they need to. When there are physical barriers, the level of engagement reduces. It is important to note that despite the fact that nurses spend most of the time with the patients, they are assigned to a lot of patients in a day (Farrington et al., 2017). When the hospital is divided into cubical, and there are a few nurses, nurses strictly discuss matters of the condition of the patient. In this case, they might evade engagements because there is no time to do so.

The second way in which the environment affects the patient and the nurse’s engagement is associated with the attitude of the healthcare practitioners. In a hospital, the way patients are treated is important because it affects their process of recovery. The nurse has the power to set the mood in the hospital (Farrington et al., 2017). When the mood is chaotic, the engagement levels tend to decrease. A hospital is a delicate organization, and this is due to the fact that it looks after the health of human beings. In the case of anything, a patient might lose a life, and that should be a matter of concern. When addressing patients, the practitioner needs to be careful (Delaney et al., 2017). The reason behind it is that it affects the patients. The research revealed that when nurses are angry, the level of engagement in the hospital decreases.

The hospital can be responsible for the mood that is promoted in the hospital. In this case, there is a need to remember the role of healthcare management. The management should have policies that control the activities that take place in the hospital (Delaney et al., 2017). Such policies should guide nurses in the best ways to interact and engage with the patients.

At the meso level, the management of the hospital takes the blame. The management of a hospital has an essential role in the modern world of healthcare (Farrington et al., 2017). The strategies that the management of an organization comes up with affect the delivery of services in the specific organization. When the strategies are effective, they help to attain positive results. On the other hand, when strategies are not effective, they do not help the organization to attain the goals that it has put in place. Management affects the macro factors directly. The management drafts the policies that employees should follow (Delaney et al., 2017). Therefore, in the case that the management drafts policies that do not favor the working environment, the management is responsible for the frustration of engagements.

In every organization, the management is responsible for the designs of the workplace. As explained in the previous chapter, the way a hospital is designed affects service delivery (Farrington et al., 2017). At the same, it affects the levels of engagement. When the workplace is designed in a way that promotes engagement, patients benefit. If the organization is designed so that the patient and nurse cannot freely and continuously contact each other, engagements become a challenge (Delaney et al., 2017). The reason behind it is that the environment promotes engagement. A good environment encourages stakeholders to interact and engage with each other.

At the macro level, patients and nurses were associated with the level of engagement. In an engagement, parties come together and hold dialogues. It is important to note that the willingness of the parties is important (Delaney et al., 2017). It would be a challenge for a patient to promote engagement of the nurse is not supporting. The effort of both the nurse and the patient is essential. However, there are different factors that affect the commitment of each of the parties (Delaney et al., 2017). Patients might have conditions that affect their moods. When a patient has no control of his or her moods, it becomes a challenge to engage the patient. The patient might be in the best condition at one point and change completely later.

According to the data that has been collected, it is no doubt that patient engagement is a practice that the healthcare sector can adopt with ease. The research has helped outline the weaknesses associated with the implementation of engagements in the healthcare sector (Farrington et al., 2017). However, there are essential aspects that must be considered by all parties. Literature has created a connection between engagement and nursing models. The patient-centred practice is the model that the literature has touched on (Delaney et al., 2017). Organizations in the healthcare sector that have been employing patient-centred practice have been able to boost the levels of patient engagement (Farrington et al., 2017). When the patient becomes the center for attention, the patient becomes satisfied, and that motivates the patient to open up to the nurse. When such happens, the levels of engagement increase significantly. The contribution of the nurse is also essential (Delaney et al., 2017). Nurses have been called upon to demonstrate their tolerance and kindness to patients who might take longer to adapt to the new models of treatment that emphasize continuous engagements.

CHAPTER 7: DISSEMINATION
7.1. Conference presentation
Presenting information in a conference through a presentation might be one of the oldest ways of presenting projects. However, it is still one of the most effective methods of passing across an important message. This method is appropriate because all people hear from the person who came up with the project. Also, there is a platform to ask questions and get answers from the presenter. When a platform encourages asking and answering questions, it is beneficial in different ways. The first way is associated with clarity (Tanioka et al., 2019).

The information that will be shared will be very important for all stakeholders in the healthcare sector. It is important to make sure that the audience gets every point. Considering that I will present information, I will have all the details they need. In research, the alteration of information is one factor that affects the credibility of many findings.

The brain of a human being is designed to be affected by the way information is presented. Different factors foster the understanding of a person, and they are embraced in a presentation. The factors that influence the understanding of a person are present in a presentation. The project has paid attention to an issue that is affecting the healthcare sector. The audience needs to get every detail that has been highlighted.

A PowerPoint presentation will be used where it will be projected to make sure that all people in the location can read. When the person presenting the findings of a study is in the same geographic location as the audience, there is no struggle for attention. When the audience does not struggle with the attention, it means getting every point that the speaker is presenting (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The main reason the presentation is presented is to make sure that people know about improvement areas (McAllister, Robert, Tsianakas, & McCrae, 2019). Therefore, attention is of the essence. It is disrespectful for a person to concentrate on different matters when a presentation occurs (Keyko, Cummings, Yonge, & Wong, 2016). With this in mind, there is no doubt that the use of a presentation will help get the attention of all members who will show up.

A presentation can change the understanding of a person, which is why most organisations make sure to use presentations during projects and seminars (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The brain of a person works hand in hand with the eyes when it comes to storing information. The use of graphics helps people connect the visuals with the message (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). The presentation will incorporate visuals that will help enhance the understanding of the audience.

Based on the benefits that come with using a presentation, there are different reasons why this was the selected strategy to communicate with the stakeholders. A presentation will increase the focus of the audience. Two, a presentation is interesting both for the presenter and the audience. Three, a presentation helps create images that the audience connects with, thus enhancing the audience’s understanding (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). Four, the use of presentations will improve accuracy. Distortion of information affects the delivery of the message. When there are many parties involved in delivering information, they affect the quality of information. In the case of a presentation, the speaker and audience are in the same location (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). This means that the information is factual and accurate.

7.2. Journal article
After the report has been presented, it will be distributed as a journal article for future reference. The information that the study will be presenting can be used for professional purposes. Therefore, it is important to have a journal article. Scholars can use the journal article to conduct other studies and develop solutions to future problems that might be ailing in the healthcare sector. In research, there is no end to looking for facts (Dempsey & Assi, 2018). Researchers continue to investigate issues that affect society. Most of the researchers build from the studies that have been completed by other researchers. Considering that the research has considered all guidelines put in place, it becomes a good point to start from. The implementation process’s presentation as a journal article will positively impact other researchers in the same field.

Apart from the aspect of presenting information to the interested parties, the use of article journals has been selected for the reason of durability. The durability of data is paramount, and it can be seen or viewed from two different points of view. The first point of view is associated with storage. The materials that a person or organisation uses to store information affect the information. When the information is stored as an article, it can stay for many years and still be accessible to people who want it.

The second aspect of durability is associated with third-party access to the information. When the third party can access information conveniently, it means that the information is durable. Article journals are not placed or stored for individual use, but they are shared among the interested parties (Conroy, Feo, Boucaut, Alderman, & Kitson, 2017). When the article is available for all parties, it means that the information will stay for longer. When a researcher uses information from another researcher, he or she references and quotes the information.

CHAPTER 8: GANTT CHART
Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Communicate with stakeholders

Sharing the strategies with stakeholders

Assessing the progress

Evaluating if the strategies are effective or not

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Appendix 1: Informed Consent Form

(This section is mandatory)

I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I have had the opportunity to ask questions about it and any questions I have been asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I consent voluntarily to be a participant in this study

Print Name of Participant__________________

Signature of Participant ___________________

Date ___________________________

Day/month/year

If illiterate [footnoteRef:1] [1: A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the participant and should have no connection to the research team). Participants who are illiterate should include their thumb print as well. ]

I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential participant, and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the individual has given consent freely.

Print name of witness____________ Thumb print of participant

Signature of witness _____________

Date ________________________

Day/month/year

Statement by the researcher/person taking consent

I have accurately read out the information sheet to the potential participant, and to the best of my ability made sure that the participant understands that the following will be done:

1.

2.

3.

I confirm that the participant was given an opportunity to ask questions about the study, and all the questions asked by the participant have been answered correctly and to the best of my ability. I confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving consent, and the consent has been given freely and voluntarily.

A copy of this ICF has been provided to the participant.

Print Name of Researcher/person taking the consent_______________________

Signature of Researcher /person taking the consent__________________________

Date ___________________________

Day/month/year

Appendix 2: Questionnaire

Name of Participant:

Age:

Address (Optional):

1. How many employees does your company have?

2. What are the employee engagement offerings at your company?

3. How many times a year does your company offer employee engagement opportunities?

4. What is the percentage of employees that participate in employee engagement activities each year?

5. How would you describe the level of engagement of your employees (i.e. “one-time participants” to “champions” of a cause)?

6. What are some of the metrics used to measure success of employee engagement activities? (i.e. funds raised for a specific cause, awareness, community building, etc.)

7. How do you communicate employee engagement opportunities to your employees? (i.e. company intranet, newsletter, all staff meetings, etc.)?

8. Does your company support a specific type of cause? (i.e. education, health and wellness, poverty, etc.)?

9. Do you offer any incentives to employees for participating in employee engagement activities?

10. Do you have a work place giving program implemented at your company?

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