PSY 3002 Cognitive Lab
PSY 3002 Cognitive Lab
In your report, write a brief introduction explaining what the serial position effect is. In addition, include some representative researches on this effect. Next, in the Methods section, describe the process that you followed to complete the experiment, including a description of the materials used and the stimuli. Make sure to include enough information so that others can also perform the same experiment successfully.
Finally, describe the experimental results. In addition, determine if the experiment showed primacy and recency effects. Provide a rationale to support your answer. Summarize your report, including answers to the following questions:
- Were the results in accordance with your expectation? Provide a rationale to support your answer.
- Did anything about the experiment surprise you? If yes, what?
- What factors would influence the results of the serial position experiment?
The Serial Position Experiment.html
The Serial Position Experiment
The serial position effect explains why individuals tend to remember items better when they appear at the beginning or at the end of a list rather than when they appear in the middle of a list.
Remembering items appearing at the beginning of a list is known as the primacy effect. The primacy effect may be due to the greater rehearsal that is allocated to the first few items on a list. Moreover, at the beginning of a list, short-term memory (STM) has only a few items to process. Therefore, it has more time to process the early items. If items are rehearsed in the STM, there are greater chances of the items or stimuli being encoded or transferred to long-term memory. Remembering items appearing at the end of a list is known as the recency effect.
The serial position effect occurs with different stimuli and in a variety of situations. The effect can be both positive and negative. For instance, you would have probably heard the phrase “Make a good first impression,” which relates to the primacy effect.
Hedwig von Restorff came up with techniques using which words appearing in the middle of a list could also be remembered. Next, let’s discuss the von Restorff effect.
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Influence on the Serial Position.html
Influence on the Serial Position
The von Restorff effect is the increased likelihood of remembering unique or distinctive events or objects instead of those that are common in a list. The von Restorff effect is primarily the result of the increased attention given to the distinctive items in a set, such as a list of words, the number of objects, a sequence of events, or the names and faces of people (Lidwell, Holden, & Butler, 2003).
The Von Restorff Effect
If an item in a list is distinctive, it typically will be remembered regardless of its position on the list. This phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled is known as the von Restorff effect. It is also known as the isolation effect or the novelty effect.
Items can be made different by either manipulating their perceptual features or identifying their conceptual differences.
Perceptual Features: An item can be made distinctive by changing its font color and size.
Conceptual Differences: An item can be made distinctive by presenting it in a list of dissimilar words.
Additional Material
View a PDF Transcript of The Von Restorff Effect
media/transcripts/SU_PSY3002_vonRestorff_Effect.pdf
The Von Restorff Effect If an item in a list is distinctive, it typically will be remembered regardless of its position on the list. This phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled is known as the von Restorff effect. It is also known as the isolation effect or the novelty effect. Items can be made different by either manipulating their perceptual features or identifying their conceptual differences. Perceptual Features: An item can be made distinctive by changing its font color and size. Conceptual Differences: An item can be made distinctive by presenting it in a list of dissimilar words.
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