Theory & Research Discussion Paper

Theory & Research Discussion Paper

Theory & Research Discussion Paper

https://www.apa.org/research/action/mer

Prior to completing this discussion, please read the required chapter from the Lerner, Easterbrooks, Mistry, & Weiner (2013) ebook, Baltes (1987), Hudson-Barr (2004), and American Psychological Association (Links to an external site.) (2003) articles. Additionally, review the Human Development Theoretical Perspectives document required for this week.

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Select one of the perspectives identified in the Theoretical Perspectives to Understand Human Development document and identify one theory (Freud’s Psychosexual Theory, Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, etc.) that you would like to explore more.

Explain the theory you selected providing a well-developed overview. In addition, research one peer-reviewed article from your selected theoretical perspective in the Ashford University Library.  Summarize the article being sure to include research question(s) and/or problem(s), target population and sample (specific group within the target population), measures (tests, instruments, and/or questionnaires used), procedures (how the study was conducted), and conclusions presented in the article.  Analyze the ethical considerations, as well as the benefits and limitations of the research proposing solutions or suggestions for any issues or concerns.

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & GUIDE RESEARCH

PERSPECTIVE NOTABLE THEORIES/EXAMPLES THAT ALIGN MAIN IDEA

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL EMPHASES (Biopsychosocial = the interacting of biological,

sociocultural, and psychological forces on development)

NATURE or NURTURE (Nature = genetic factors that influence development)

(Nurture = environmental factors that influence development) Psychodynamic  Sigmund Freud, Psychosexual Theory

 Erik Erikson, Psychosocial Theory

 In both theories, development occurs across a sequence of stages

 Both theories emphasize psychological, social, and life-cycle forces as crucial in development

 Nature & Nurture

 Universal sequence for all, but individual differences in rate

Learning  Behaviorism (John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner)

 Environment controls behavior  In all theories, some emphasis on biological and psychological factors, but most is placed on social

 Nurture

 Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)

 People learn through observation & interaction

 Nurture

Cognitive  Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget)

 For Piaget & Kohlberg development occurs across a sequence of stages

 For Piaget & Kohlberg the main emphasis is placed on biological and social forces

 For Piaget & Kohlberg, strong bent toward nature

 Universal sequence of stages

 Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development (Lawrence Kohlberg)

 Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (Lev Vygotsky)

 Development is influenced by culture

 Emphasis is placed on psychological and social forces

 Nature & Nurture

Ecological  Ecological Systems Theory (Urie Bronfenbrenner)

 Developing person is embedded in a series of interacting systems

 Heavy emphasis is placed on social forces  Nature & Nurture

Humanistic  Carl Rogers; Abraham Maslow  Emphasizes free will and the ability of humans to make choices about their life.

 Has had little impact on the field of lifespan development as the humanistic perspective does not identify any developmental change that is the result of increasing age or experience.

 Rejects the idea that behavior is determined by unconscious processes, learning from the environment, or cognitive processing, but that people make their own choices about life.

 Bent toward nurture

Source: Adapted from Kail & Cavanaugh, 2007; Feldman, 2014

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS – Theory & Research Discussion Paper

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  • Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

  • Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

  • APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with the APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

  • Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage over-utilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

  • LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score. Theory & Research Discussion Paper

  • Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is a 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

  • Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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